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大学橄榄球训练中特定于训练的头部撞击:减少“友军误伤”暴露的意义。

Drill-Specific Head Impacts in Collegiate Football Practice: Implications for Reducing "Friendly Fire" Exposure.

机构信息

Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, PO Box 100165, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.

University Athletic Association, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.

出版信息

Ann Biomed Eng. 2019 Oct;47(10):2094-2108. doi: 10.1007/s10439-018-2088-5. Epub 2018 Jul 9.

Abstract

This study investigated drill-specific head impact biomechanics in a Division 1 collegiate football team using the Head Impact Telemetry System (HITS). A total of 32,083 impacts were recorded across 2 years of practices. Precise tracking of instrumented athletes, head impacts, and drill participation allowed quantification of hits sustained per person per minute (H/P/M) for each specific drill. We found significant H/P/M variability between 14 drills and player position, ranging from 0.02 to 0.41 H/P/M for Linemen and 0.01 to 0.15 H/P/M for Non-Linemen. Impact magnitude data are also reported for practice term (Spring, Training Camp, In-Season) and dress-type (Helmets Only, Spyders, Shells, Full Pads). Recommendations for shortening high-risk drills, based on H/P/M drill impact frequencies, suggest possible "friendly fire" reductions of 1000 impacts for Linemen and 300 impacts for Non-Linemen over their collegiate career. Over 80% of potentially avoidable head impacts were attributable to just three drills-"Team Run," "Move the Field," and "Team." Recommending drill-specific modifications based on practical considerations (the drill's impact frequency, dress-types when performing the drill, and duration) could improve acceptance from coaches and efficiently reduce head impact exposure without drastically altering overall practice structure.

摘要

本研究使用 Head Impact Telemetry System (HITS) 调查了一级大学橄榄球队的特定于训练的头部撞击生物力学。在 2 年的练习中记录了总共 32,083 次撞击。对装有仪器的运动员、头部撞击和训练参与的精确跟踪允许量化每个特定训练中每个人每分钟承受的撞击次数 (H/P/M)。我们发现 14 种训练和球员位置之间的 H/P/M 变化显著,线卫的 H/P/M 范围为 0.02 至 0.41,非线卫的 H/P/M 范围为 0.01 至 0.15。还报告了实践期限(春季、训练营、比赛期)和着装类型(仅头盔、Spyders、外壳、全垫)的撞击幅度数据。根据 H/P/M 训练撞击频率缩短高风险训练的建议表明,对线卫和非线卫来说,在大学职业生涯中可能减少 1000 次和 300 次的“友军火力”撞击。超过 80%的可避免头部撞击归因于三个训练——“团队跑步”、“移动场地”和“团队”。根据实际考虑因素(训练的撞击频率、执行训练时的着装类型和持续时间)推荐特定于训练的修改,可能会提高教练的接受度,并在不大大改变整体实践结构的情况下有效降低头部撞击风险。

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