Allen Joanne, Brown Lisa M, Alpass Fiona M, Stephens Christine V
a School of Psychology , Massey University , Palmerston North , New Zealand.
b Trauma Program , Palo Alto University , Palo Alto , California , USA.
J Gerontol Soc Work. 2018 Oct;61(7):701-718. doi: 10.1080/01634372.2018.1494073. Epub 2018 Jul 10.
Pre-existing longitudinal studies of people affected by disasters provide opportunities to examine the effects of these events on health. Data used in the current investigation were provided by participants in the New Zealand Health, Work and Retirement longitudinal surveys conducted in 2010, 2012 and 2014 (n = 428; aged 50-83), who lived in the Canterbury region of New Zealand during the 2010-2011 earthquakes. Latent profile growth analyses were used to identify groups of respondents who had similar pre-post-disaster physical and mental health profiles. These groups were compared in terms of demographic factors, personal impact of the earthquakes assessed in 2012 and the overall negative-positive impact of the earthquake assessed in 2014. There was little evidence of change in health status overtime. Groups did not differ in their experiences of threat or disruption, however those in poorest health reported greatest distress and a more negative overall impact of the earthquake. Although results suggest little impact of disasters on health of surviving older adults, pre-disaster vulnerabilities were associated with distress. Social workers and agencies responsible for disaster response can play a key role in pre-disaster planning and assessment of vulnerabilities of older adults to enhance potential for positive outcomes post-disaster.
先前针对受灾害影响人群的纵向研究为考察这些事件对健康的影响提供了契机。本调查所使用的数据由参与2010年、2012年和2014年新西兰健康、工作与退休纵向调查的参与者提供（n = 428；年龄在50 - 83岁之间），他们在2010 - 2011年地震期间居住在新西兰的坎特伯雷地区。潜在剖面增长分析用于识别灾后身心健康状况相似的受访者群体。对这些群体在人口统计学因素、2012年评估的地震对个人的影响以及2014年评估的地震总体正负影响方面进行了比较。几乎没有证据表明健康状况会随时间变化。各群体在威胁或干扰经历方面没有差异，然而健康状况最差的群体报告的痛苦程度最高，且地震的总体负面影响更大。尽管结果表明灾害对幸存老年人的健康影响不大，但灾前的脆弱性与痛苦有关。负责灾害应对的社会工作者和机构在灾前规划以及评估老年人的脆弱性方面可发挥关键作用，以增强灾后取得积极成果的可能性。
