Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
J Hazard Mater. 2018 Sep 15;358:129-135. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.060. Epub 2018 Jun 28.
This study investigates the performance of membrane-based ozonation and peroxone processes, regarding the transformation of carbamazepine (CBZ), benzotriazole (BZT), p-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA) and atrazine (ATZ) in natural surface waters, as well as the formation of bromates. Ozonation, performed with the use of ceramic membrane contactor, was able to diminish CBZ concentration below 0.1 μM at 0.4 mg O/mg DOC, i.e. presenting >90% removal rate, whereas the transformation of BZT, pCBA and ATZ was not exceeded 70%, 57% and 49%, respectively, under the same experimental conditions. The addition of HO reduced the removal efficiency of CBZ, since up to -8% transformation values were observed at 0.1 mg O/mg DOC. In contrast, the transformation of ozone-resistant compounds pCBA and ATZ was slightly improved by approximately 5-10%, at 0.8 mg O/mg DOC. Membrane-based oxidative treatment of surface water resulted to high bromate concentrations (49 μg/L and 28 μg/L for ozone and peroxone process, respectively, at 0.8 mg O/mg DOC). The results obtained by using the membrane contactor were also compared with the corresponding from conventional batch experiments. These results suggest that the implementation of membrane contactors with the highest possible inner surface per volume along with the use of low ozone gas concentration are required to improve the removal of micropollutants and diminish bromate formation.
本研究考察了膜基臭氧氧化和过氧单硫酸盐工艺在天然地表水中卡马西平（CBZ）、苯并三唑（BZT）、对氯苯甲酸（pCBA）和莠去津（ATZ）的转化以及溴酸盐形成方面的性能。使用陶瓷膜接触器进行的臭氧氧化能够将 CBZ 浓度降低至 0.1µM 以下，在 0.4mg O/mg DOC 时，去除率 >90%，而在相同实验条件下，BZT、pCBA 和 ATZ 的转化率分别不超过 70%、57%和 49%。在 0.1mg O/mg DOC 时，HO 的加入降低了 CBZ 的去除效率，观察到的转化值低至-8%。相比之下，臭氧抗性化合物 pCBA 和 ATZ 的转化率略有提高，约为 5-10%，在 0.8mg O/mg DOC 时。表面水的基于膜的氧化处理导致高溴酸盐浓度（在 0.8mg O/mg DOC 时，臭氧和过氧单硫酸盐工艺分别为 49µg/L 和 28µg/L）。使用膜接触器获得的结果也与相应的常规批量实验结果进行了比较。这些结果表明，需要采用具有尽可能大的内表面体积的膜接触器并使用低臭氧气体浓度来提高去除微量污染物的效率并减少溴酸盐的形成。
