Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università del Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
Environ Monit Assess. 2018 Jul 10;190(8):456. doi: 10.1007/s10661-018-6826-9.
PM10 samples were collected simultaneously at three representative areas (urban, industrial, and rural areas). Their morphology and elemental composition were determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive analysis (SEM-EDS). Twenty-four chemical parameters (C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, Cd, Cl, K, Ca, S, Sn, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, W, and Pb) were determined and three morphological parameters (area, roundness, and fractal dimension) were measured by Image Pro Analyzer 6.3. The particles were classified into ten groups based on morphology and elemental composition: Ca-rich and metal particles, soot aggregates, cenosphere, alumosilicates, sea salt, calcium sulfate, spherical particles of iron, biological carbonaceous particles, and various. Particles of natural origin were predominantly found in the coarse size fraction and particles of anthropogenic origin in the fine size fraction. The greatest contribution to particulate matter belonged to aluminum-silicates and calcium-rich particles. The cenosphere were recognized only in the coastal urban site, while all the other particles were present in each site. The coastal industrial site was characterized by the prevalence of alumosilicates and Ca-rich particles, due to construction activity in this site during the sampling period (movement of vehicles, transport of terrigenous materials, and use of construction products). The coastal urban site was characterized by a higher amount of soot and by the presence of cenosphere, due to the presence of vehicular traffic.
PM10 采样同时在三个具有代表性的区域（城市、工业和农村地区）进行。通过扫描电子显微镜结合能量色散分析（SEM-EDS）对其形态和元素组成进行了测定。测定了 24 种化学参数（C、O、Na、Mg、Al、Si、P、Cd、Cl、K、Ca、S、Sn、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、W 和 Pb），并通过 Image Pro Analyzer 6.3 测量了三个形态参数（面积、圆度和分形维数）。根据形态和元素组成将颗粒分为十组：富钙和金属颗粒、烟尘聚集体、漂珠、铝硅酸盐、海盐、硫酸钙、铁的球形颗粒、生物含碳颗粒和各种颗粒。天然来源的颗粒主要存在于粗粒径部分，人为来源的颗粒存在于细粒径部分。对颗粒物贡献最大的是铝硅酸盐和富钙颗粒。只有在沿海城市站点才发现了漂珠，而其他颗粒在每个站点都存在。沿海工业站点的特点是存在大量的铝硅酸盐和富钙颗粒，这是由于采样期间该站点的建筑活动（车辆移动、陆源材料运输和建筑产品使用）造成的。沿海城市站点的特点是烟尘含量较高，并且存在漂珠，这是由于车辆交通的存在。
