Thorpe Alistair, Harrison Roy M
Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Sci Total Environ. 2008 Aug 1;400(1-3):270-82. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.007. Epub 2008 Jul 16.
While emissions control regulation has led to a substantial reduction in exhaust emissions from road traffic, currently non-exhaust emissions from road vehicles are unabated. These include particles from brake wear, tyre wear, road surface abrasion and resuspension in the wake of passing traffic. Quantification of the magnitude of such emissions is problematic both in the laboratory and the field and the latter depends heavily upon a knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of non-exhaust particles. This review looks at each source in turn, reviewing the available information on the source materials and particles derived from them in laboratory studies. In a final section, some of the key publications dealing with measurements in road tunnels and the roadside environment are reviewed. It is concluded that with the exception of brake dust particles which may be identified from their copper (Cu) and antimony (Sb) content, unequivocal identification of particles from other sources is likely to prove extremely difficult, either because of the lack of suitable tracer elements or compounds, or because of the interactions between sources prior to the emission process. Even in the case of brake dust, problems will arise in distinguishing directly emitted particles from those arising from resuspension of deposited brake dust from the road surface, or that derived from entrainment of polluted roadside soils, either directly or as a component of road surface dust.
虽然排放控制法规已使道路交通的尾气排放大幅减少，但目前道路车辆的非尾气排放仍未得到控制。这些排放包括制动磨损、轮胎磨损、路面磨损产生的颗粒以及过往车辆尾流中的再悬浮颗粒。在实验室和实地对这些排放的量级进行量化都存在问题，而且实地量化在很大程度上依赖于对非尾气颗粒物理和化学性质的了解。本综述依次审视了每个排放源，回顾了实验室研究中有关源材料及其衍生颗粒的现有信息。在最后一部分，对一些关于道路隧道和路边环境测量的关键出版物进行了综述。得出的结论是，除了可以根据其铜（Cu）和锑（Sb）含量识别的制动粉尘颗粒外，由于缺乏合适的示踪元素或化合物，或者由于排放过程之前各源之间的相互作用，要明确识别来自其他源的颗粒可能极其困难。即使对于制动粉尘，在区分直接排放的颗粒与路面沉积的制动粉尘再悬浮产生的颗粒，或直接或作为路面灰尘成分夹带的受污染路边土壤衍生的颗粒时，也会出现问题。
