印度尼西亚布雷布斯区农业地区小学生的农药暴露与甲状腺功能
Pesticide Exposure and Thyroid Function in Elementary School Children Living in an Agricultural Area, Brebes District, Indonesia.
作者信息
Suhartono Suhartono, Kartini Apoina, Subagio Hertanto Wahyu, Budiyono Budiyono, Utari Agustini, Suratman Suratman, Sakundarno Mateus
机构信息
Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
Department of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
出版信息
Int J Occup Environ Med. 2018 Jul;9(3):137-144. doi: 10.15171/ijoem.2018.1207.
BACKGROUND
Children living in agricultural areas are at risk of exposure to pesticides due to their involvement in agricultural activities. Pesticides are one of the chemicals classified as endocrine disrupting chemicals.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association between exposure to organophosphate pesticides and the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction in children.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 66 children in two elementary schools located in an agricultural area in Brebes District, Indonesia, in 2015. To determine the pesticide exposure history, we analyzed urine samples and completed a questionnaire. Meanwhile, thyroid function tests were performed.
RESULTS
Organophosphate pesticide metabolites were detected in urine samples of 15 (23%) of 66 children. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels >4.5 μIU/mL were detected in 24 (36%) children. Free thyroxine (FT4) levels of all participants were normal. The mean TSH level in children with positive urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolites (7.74 μIU/ mL) was significantly (p=0.005) higher than that in those who were negative (4.34 μIU/mL). The prevalence of hypothyroidism in children with positive urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolites (67%) was significantly higher than that in those who were negative (27%; PR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.3).
CONCLUSION
A history of pesticide exposure could be used as a risk factor for the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction in children living in agricultural areas.
背景
生活在农业地区的儿童由于参与农业活动而面临接触农药的风险。农药是被归类为内分泌干扰化学物质的化学品之一。
目的
研究有机磷农药暴露与儿童甲状腺功能障碍发生之间的关联。
方法
2015年，对印度尼西亚布雷布斯区一个农业地区的两所小学的66名儿童进行了这项横断面研究。为了确定农药暴露史，我们分析了尿液样本并完成了一份问卷。同时，进行了甲状腺功能测试。
结果
在66名儿童中的15名（23%）的尿液样本中检测到有机磷农药代谢物。在24名（36%）儿童中检测到促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平>4.5μIU/mL。所有参与者的游离甲状腺素（FT4）水平均正常。尿液中有机磷农药代谢物呈阳性的儿童的平均TSH水平（7.74μIU/mL）显著高于呈阴性的儿童（4.34μIU/mL；p=0.005）。尿液中有机磷农药代谢物呈阳性的儿童甲状腺功能减退的患病率（67%）显著高于呈阴性的儿童（27%；PR 2.4，95%CI 1.4至4.3）。
结论
农药暴露史可作为农业地区儿童甲状腺功能障碍发生的一个风险因素。
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