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Pesticide exposure and thyroid function in an agricultural population in Brazil.巴西农业人口中的农药暴露与甲状腺功能
Environ Res. 2016 Nov;151:389-398. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.011. Epub 2016 Aug 16.
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Subclinical hypothyroidism in childhood - current knowledge and open issues.儿童亚临床甲状腺功能减退症 - 现有知识和未解决的问题。
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016 Dec;12(12):734-746. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.100. Epub 2016 Jul 1.
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Subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular risk: how to end the controversy.亚临床甲状腺功能减退与心血管风险：如何终结争议
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Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes among prospective cohort studies.前瞻性队列研究中的亚临床甲状腺功能障碍与心血管结局
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2013 Mar;13(1):4-12. doi: 10.2174/1871530311313010003.
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Malathion exposure induces the endocrine disruption and growth retardation in the catfish, Clarias batrachus (Linn.).马拉硫磷暴露会导致鲶鱼（Clarias batrachus（Linn.））的内分泌干扰和生长迟缓。
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Predictors of exposure to organophosphate pesticides in schoolchildren in the Province of Talca, Chile.智利塔尔卡省学龄儿童接触有机磷农药的预测因素。
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Endocrine disrupting chemicals and disease susceptibility.内分泌干扰化学物质与疾病易感性。
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Thyroid function in children.儿童的甲状腺功能
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Short-term in vivo exposure to the water contaminant triclosan: Evidence for disruption of thyroxine.短期体内暴露于水中污染物三氯生：甲状腺素紊乱的证据。
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Subclinical hypothyroidism in children: normal variation or sign of a failing thyroid gland?儿童亚临床甲状腺功能减退：正常变异还是甲状腺功能衰退的迹象？
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印度尼西亚布雷布斯区农业地区小学生的农药暴露与甲状腺功能

Pesticide Exposure and Thyroid Function in Elementary School Children Living in an Agricultural Area, Brebes District, Indonesia.

作者信息

Suhartono Suhartono, Kartini Apoina, Subagio Hertanto Wahyu, Budiyono Budiyono, Utari Agustini, Suratman Suratman, Sakundarno Mateus

机构信息

Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.

Department of Public Health Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.

出版信息

Int J Occup Environ Med. 2018 Jul;9(3):137-144. doi: 10.15171/ijoem.2018.1207.

DOI:10.15171/ijoem.2018.1207
PMID:29995019
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6466981/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Children living in agricultural areas are at risk of exposure to pesticides due to their involvement in agricultural activities. Pesticides are one of the chemicals classified as endocrine disrupting chemicals.

OBJECTIVE

To examine the association between exposure to organophosphate pesticides and the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction in children.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 66 children in two elementary schools located in an agricultural area in Brebes District, Indonesia, in 2015. To determine the pesticide exposure history, we analyzed urine samples and completed a questionnaire. Meanwhile, thyroid function tests were performed.

RESULTS

Organophosphate pesticide metabolites were detected in urine samples of 15 (23%) of 66 children. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels >4.5 μIU/mL were detected in 24 (36%) children. Free thyroxine (FT4) levels of all participants were normal. The mean TSH level in children with positive urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolites (7.74 μIU/ mL) was significantly (p=0.005) higher than that in those who were negative (4.34 μIU/mL). The prevalence of hypothyroidism in children with positive urinary organophosphate pesticide metabolites (67%) was significantly higher than that in those who were negative (27%; PR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.3).

CONCLUSION

A history of pesticide exposure could be used as a risk factor for the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction in children living in agricultural areas.

摘要

背景

生活在农业地区的儿童由于参与农业活动而面临接触农药的风险。农药是被归类为内分泌干扰化学物质的化学品之一。

目的

研究有机磷农药暴露与儿童甲状腺功能障碍发生之间的关联。

方法

2015年，对印度尼西亚布雷布斯区一个农业地区的两所小学的66名儿童进行了这项横断面研究。为了确定农药暴露史，我们分析了尿液样本并完成了一份问卷。同时，进行了甲状腺功能测试。

结果

在66名儿童中的15名（23%）的尿液样本中检测到有机磷农药代谢物。在24名（36%）儿童中检测到促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平>4.5μIU/mL。所有参与者的游离甲状腺素（FT4）水平均正常。尿液中有机磷农药代谢物呈阳性的儿童的平均TSH水平（7.74μIU/mL）显著高于呈阴性的儿童（4.34μIU/mL；p=0.005）。尿液中有机磷农药代谢物呈阳性的儿童甲状腺功能减退的患病率（67%）显著高于呈阴性的儿童（27%；PR 2.4，95%CI 1.4至4.3）。

结论

农药暴露史可作为农业地区儿童甲状腺功能障碍发生的一个风险因素。