Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Ann Glob Health. 2016 Sep-Oct;82(5):770-778. doi: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.10.008.
Increasing use of pesticides in agriculture to control pest may result in permanent damage to the environment and consequently cause harmful health problems especially among infant and children. Due to pesticide's natural toxicity and its widespread use, it causes a serious threat to public health especially to this vulnerable group.
The purpose of this study was to determine the organophosphorus pesticide urinary metabolite levels and its predictors among Orang Asli children of the Mah Meri tribe living in an agricultural island in Kuala Langat, Selangor.
Data collection was carried out at an island in Kuala Langat, Selangor, where a total of 180 Orang Asli children of the Mah Meri tribe voluntarily participated in the study. Data were collected via a validated, modified questionnaire. Urinary organophosphate metabolites, namely dimethylphosphate, diethylphosphate, dimethylthiophosphate, dimethyldithiophosphate, diethylthiophosphate, and diethyldithiophosphate were measured to assess organophosphate pesticide exposure in children.
Eighty-four (46.7%) of the respondents were positive for urine dialkyl phosphate metabolites. In multivariable analysis, children who frequently consumed apples had 4 times higher risk of pesticide detection than those who consumed apple less frequently. In addition, those who frequently ate cucumbers had 4 times higher risk for pesticide detection than those who ate cucumbers less frequently. Children with a father whose occupation involved high exposure to pesticides (agriculture) had 3 times higher risk of pesticide detection than those with a father in a low-risk occupation (nonagriculture).
Almost half of the children (46.7%) in the study area tested positive for urinary dialkyl phosphate metabolite levels. Most of the metabolite levels were equal to or higher than that reported in other previous studies. Major factors associated with pesticide detection in children in this study were frequent intake of apple and cucumber and fathers who are working in an agricultural area.
农业中为控制虫害而不断增加的农药使用可能会对环境造成永久性损害，并由此导致有害的健康问题，尤其是在婴儿和儿童中。由于农药具有天然毒性且使用广泛，因此对公共健康，尤其是对这一弱势群体构成了严重威胁。
本研究旨在确定生活在雪兰莪州瓜拉冷岳一个农业岛屿上的马来原住民马美里族儿童的有机磷农药尿代谢物水平及其预测因素。
在雪兰莪州的一个岛屿上进行了数据收集，共有 180 名自愿参加研究的马来原住民马美里族儿童。通过经过验证的改良问卷收集数据。测量尿有机磷代谢物，即磷酸二甲酯、磷酸二乙酯、磷酸二甲硫酯、磷酸二甲基二硫酯、磷酸二乙基硫酯和磷酸二乙基二硫酯，以评估儿童的有机磷农药暴露情况。
84 名（46.7%）受访者的尿二烷基磷酸盐代谢物呈阳性。在多变量分析中，经常食用苹果的儿童检测出农药的风险是较少食用苹果的儿童的 4 倍。此外，经常食用黄瓜的儿童检测出农药的风险是较少食用黄瓜的儿童的 4 倍。父亲职业涉及高暴露于农药（农业）的儿童检测出农药的风险是父亲从事低风险职业（非农业）的儿童的 3 倍。
研究区域近一半（46.7%）的儿童尿二烷基磷酸盐代谢物检测呈阳性。大多数代谢物水平与其他先前研究报告的水平相等或更高。本研究中与儿童体内农药检测相关的主要因素是经常摄入苹果和黄瓜，以及在农业区工作的父亲。
