DNA sequences regulating human beta globin gene expression.

Human delta globin is expressed at approximately 1-2% of the level of human beta globin in erythroid cells despite the marked homology between these two globins. To determine the DNA sequences responsible for this effect, delta and beta globin genes and fusion products of these genes constructed in vitro were transfected and expressed in HeLa cells. The results indicate that when the small intervening sequence of the beta gene (beta IVS 1) is replaced by delta IVS 1, expression of the chimeric gene is the same as that of the normal beta globin gene. By contrast, when the large intervening sequence of the beta gene (beta IVS 2) is replaced by delta IVS 2, expression of the chimeric gene is markedly reduced. These results suggest that there are signals within IVS 2 of the delta and beta genes which affect their relative expression.