转变护理教育以加强马拉维的卫生系统：一项探索性研究。
Transforming Nursing Education to Strengthen Health System in Malawi: An Exploratory Study.
作者信息
Bvumbwe Thokozani, Mtshali Ntombifikile Gloria
机构信息
Faculty of Health Sciences, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi.
School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
出版信息
Open Nurs J. 2018 May 31;12:93-105. doi: 10.2174/1874434601812010093. eCollection 2018.
BACKGROUND
Malawi made great strides to increase the number of nurses through the Emergency Human Resource for Health Program. However, quantity of health workforce alone is not adequate to strengthen the health system. Malawi still reports skill mix imbalance and geographical mal-distribution of the nursing workforce. Health systems must continuously adapt and evolve according to the health care needs and inform health professionals' education to accelerate gains in health outcomes. The Lancet Commission reported that health professionals' education has generally not lived up pace with health care demands.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to describe the strategies being implemented in Malawi to improve nursing education. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to explore strategies being implemented, identify stakeholders and their targets in order to share practices with countries experiencing similar nursing education challenges.
METHODS
This was a cross sectional descriptive study with a concurrent mixed method design. One hundred and sixty participants including nurse practitioners and educators responded to a questionnaire. Fifteen nurse practitioners and eight nurse educators were also engaged in one to one interview.
RESULTS
Respondents showed varied opinion on how nursing education is being implemented. Six themes as regards strategies being implemented to improve nursing education emerged namely- capacity building, competency based curriculum, regulation, clinical learning environment, transformative teaching and infrastructure/ resources.
CONCLUSION
Findings of this study show that the strategies being implemented to improve nursing education are relevant to closing the gap between health care needs and nursing education.
背景
马拉维通过卫生人力资源应急计划在增加护士数量方面取得了巨大进展。然而，仅卫生人力数量不足以加强卫生系统。马拉维仍报告称护理人力存在技能组合失衡和地理分布不均的问题。卫生系统必须根据医疗保健需求不断调整和发展，并为卫生专业人员的教育提供信息，以加速改善健康结果。《柳叶刀》委员会报告称，卫生专业人员的教育总体上未能跟上医疗保健需求的步伐。
目的
本研究的目的是描述马拉维为改善护理教育而实施的策略。具体而言，该研究的目标是探索正在实施的策略，确定利益相关者及其目标，以便与面临类似护理教育挑战的国家分享实践经验。
方法
这是一项采用并行混合方法设计的横断面描述性研究。包括执业护士和教育工作者在内的160名参与者回答了一份问卷。还对15名执业护士和8名护士教育工作者进行了一对一访谈。
结果
受访者对护理教育的实施方式有不同看法。出现了六个关于为改善护理教育而实施的策略的主题，即能力建设、基于能力的课程、监管、临床学习环境、变革性教学和基础设施/资源。
结论
本研究结果表明，为改善护理教育而实施的策略与缩小医疗保健需求与护理教育之间的差距相关。
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