Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
J Leukoc Biol. 2019 Feb;105(2):329-338. doi: 10.1002/JLB.MR0318-104R. Epub 2018 Jul 12.
During the last few years, a growing body of evidence has shown that immunological memory is not an exclusive trait of lymphocytes, as many inflammatory insults can alter the functionality and the responsiveness of the innate immune system in the long term. Innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells can be influenced by the encounters with inflammatory stimuli, undergoing functional reprogramming and developing changed responses to subsequent chellenges. The long-term reprogramming depends on the rewiring of cell metabolism and epigenetic processes, and they stay at the basis of induction of both innate immune memory (also termed trained immunity) and innate immune tolerance. Here, we review the central role that the effects of this long-term reprogramming of innate immune cells plays in a number of clinically relevant conditions such as vaccination, atherosclerosis, sepsis, and cancer.
在过去的几年中，越来越多的证据表明，免疫记忆并非淋巴细胞所独有的特征，因为许多炎症性损伤可以长期改变固有免疫系统的功能和反应性。固有免疫细胞，如单核细胞、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞和 NK 细胞，可以受到炎症刺激的影响，经历功能重编程，并对随后的挑战产生不同的反应。这种长期的重编程依赖于细胞代谢和表观遗传过程的重新布线，它们是诱导固有免疫记忆（也称为训练免疫）和固有免疫耐受的基础。在这里，我们综述了固有免疫细胞的这种长期重编程在许多临床相关情况下的重要作用，如疫苗接种、动脉粥样硬化、败血症和癌症。
