Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, 6525GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Curr Opin Immunol. 2019 Feb;56:10-16. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.09.001. Epub 2018 Sep 19.
The paradigm that only adaptive immunity can develop immunological memory has recently been challenged by studies showing that cells from the innate immune system can undergo functional reprogramming, facilitating a faster and enhanced response to secondary infections. This improved secondary response is not always specific, as it can also protect from infections caused by non-related pathogens. This has been termed innate immune memory or trained immunity. Trained immunity not only involves rewiring the intracellular immune signaling of innate immune cells, but also induces profound changes in cellular metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, increasing the capacity of the innate immune cells to respond to a secondary stimulation. The understanding of these intracellular processes opens new therapeutic possibilities for the modulation of the innate immune responses during infections and inflammatory diseases.
最近的研究挑战了只有适应性免疫才能产生免疫记忆的范式，这些研究表明，先天免疫系统的细胞可以进行功能重编程，从而促进对二次感染更快、更强的反应。这种改善的二次反应并不总是特异性的，因为它也可以预防非相关病原体引起的感染。这被称为先天免疫记忆或训练免疫。训练免疫不仅涉及重新布线先天免疫细胞的细胞内免疫信号，还诱导细胞代谢途径（如糖酵解、氧化磷酸化、脂肪酸和氨基酸代谢）的深刻变化，从而增加先天免疫细胞对二次刺激的反应能力。对这些细胞内过程的理解为在感染和炎症性疾病期间调节先天免疫反应开辟了新的治疗可能性。
