miR-30a Remodels Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Inflammation to Improve Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity.

Chronic inflammation accompanies obesity and limits subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) expandability, accelerating the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) influence expression of many metabolic genes in fat cells, but physiological roles in WAT remain poorly characterized. Here, we report that expression of the miRNA in subcutaneous WAT corresponds with insulin sensitivity in obese mice and humans. To examine the hypothesis that restoration of expression in WAT improves insulin sensitivity, we injected adenovirus (Adv) expressing into the subcutaneous fat pad of diabetic mice. Exogenous expression in the subcutaneous WAT depot of obese mice coupled improved insulin sensitivity and increased energy expenditure with decreased ectopic fat deposition in the liver and reduced WAT inflammation. High-throughput proteomic profiling and RNA-Seq suggested that targets the transcription factor STAT1 to limit the actions of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) that would otherwise restrict WAT expansion and decrease insulin sensitivity. We further demonstrated that opposes the actions of IFN-γ, suggesting an important role for in defending adipocytes against proinflammatory cytokines that reduce peripheral insulin sensitivity. Together, our data identify a critical molecular signaling axis, elements of which are involved in uncoupling obesity from metabolic dysfunction.