Pyšková Klára, Kauzál Ondřej, Storch David, Horáček Ivan, Pergl Jan, Pyšek Petr
Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic.
Zookeys. 2018 Jul 4(770):227-246. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.770.22554. eCollection 2018.
Quantitative data on local variation in patterns of occurrence of common carnivore species, such as the red fox, European badger, or martens in central Europe are largely missing. We conducted a study focusing on carnivore ecology and distribution in a cultural landscape with the use of modern technology. We placed 73 automated infra-red camera traps into four different habitats differing in water availability and canopy cover (mixed forest, wetland, shrubby grassland and floodplain forest) in the Polabí region near Prague, Czech Republic. Each habitat was represented by three or four spatially isolated sites within which the camera traps were distributed. During the year of the study, we recorded nine carnivore species, including the non-native golden jackal. Habitats with the highest numbers of records pooled across all species were wetland (1279) and shrubby grassland (1014); fewer records were made in mixed (876) and floodplain forest (734). Habitat had a significant effect on the number of records of badger and marten, and a marginally significant effect on fox. In terms of seasonal dynamics, there were significant differences in the distribution of records among seasons in fox, marginally significant in least weasel, and the occurrence among seasons did not differ for badger and marten. In the summer, fox and marten were more active than expected by chance during the day, while the pattern was opposite in winter when they were more active during the night. Our findings on habitat preferences and circadian and seasonal activity provided the first quantitative data on patterns whose existence was assumed on the basis of conventional wisdom. Our study demonstrates the potential of a long-term monitoring approach based on infra-red camera traps. Generally, the rather frequent occurrence of recorded species indicates that most carnivore species are thriving in current central-European landscapes characterized by human-driven disturbances and urbanization.
关于常见食肉动物物种（如赤狐、欧洲獾或貂）在中欧出现模式的局部变化的定量数据在很大程度上缺失。我们利用现代技术开展了一项针对文化景观中食肉动物生态与分布的研究。我们在捷克共和国布拉格附近的波拉比地区，将73个自动红外相机陷阱放置在四个不同的栖息地，这些栖息地在水源可利用性和树冠覆盖方面存在差异（混交林、湿地、灌丛草地和河漫滩森林）。每个栖息地由三到四个空间上孤立的地点代表，相机陷阱分布在这些地点内。在研究的这一年中，我们记录了9种食肉动物，包括外来物种金豺。所有物种记录数量最多的栖息地是湿地（1279次）和灌丛草地（1014次）；混交林（876次）和河漫滩森林（734次）的记录较少。栖息地对獾和貂的记录数量有显著影响，对狐狸的记录数量有微弱显著影响。在季节动态方面，狐狸记录的季节分布存在显著差异，伶鼬的记录分布差异微弱显著，獾和貂的季节出现情况没有差异。在夏季，狐狸和貂在白天的活动比随机预期更为频繁，而在冬季则相反，它们在夜间更为活跃。我们关于栖息地偏好、昼夜节律和季节性活动的研究结果提供了首批基于传统认知而假定存在的模式的定量数据。我们的研究展示了基于红外相机陷阱的长期监测方法的潜力。总体而言，记录物种出现频率较高表明，大多数食肉动物物种在当前以人类活动干扰和城市化为特征的中欧景观中繁衍生息。
