Matouch O, Vitasek J, Semerad Z, Malena M
State Veterinary Institute, National Reference Laboratory for Rabies, U Sila 1139, 463 11 Liberec 30, Czech Republic.
Rev Sci Tech. 2007 Dec;26(3):577-84.
Rabies in foxes was widespread in the Czech Republic after World War II, reaching its highest incidence in the 1980s. Applied control measures had only a limited effect and rabies incidence in wildlife continuously endangered both domestic animals and human beings. A significant improvement was noticed after the introduction of oral vaccination of foxes in 1989. The original manual distribution of vaccine baits has been replaced by aerial distribution, leading to the total elimination of rabies throughout the country. The last case of rabies was diagnosed in a fox in the district of Trutnov in April 2002. Since that time no case of rabies has been registered in the Czech Republic, and it therefore fulfils the requirements for the status of a 'rabies-free country'. Effective epidemiological surveillance and preventive oral vaccination of foxes will be necessary to maintain this status, especially in the endangered border regions.
第二次世界大战后，狐狸狂犬病在捷克共和国广泛传播，在20世纪80年代达到发病率最高水平。所采取的控制措施效果有限，野生动物中的狂犬病发病率持续危及家畜和人类。1989年引入狐狸口服疫苗接种后，情况有了显著改善。原来手动分发疫苗诱饵已被空中投放所取代，这使得全国狂犬病得以彻底消除。最后一例狂犬病病例于2002年4月在特鲁特诺夫区的一只狐狸身上被诊断出来。自那时以来，捷克共和国未再登记过狂犬病病例，因此符合“无狂犬病国家”的标准。为维持这一状况，有必要进行有效的流行病学监测和对狐狸进行预防性口服疫苗接种，尤其是在濒危的边境地区。
