Frohlich Jona R, Rapinda Karli K, O'Connor Roisin M, Keough Matthew T
Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
Addict Behav Rep. 2018 Jun 12;8:40-45. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.06.002. eCollection 2018 Dec.
Depression and alcohol use disorders are highly comorbid. Typically, alcohol use peaks in emerging adulthood (e.g., during university), and many people also develop depression at this time. Self-medication theory predicts that depressed emerging adults drink to reduce negative emotions. While research shows that depression predicts alcohol use and related problems in undergraduates, far less is known about the continuity of this association after university. Most emerging adults "mature out" of heavy drinking; however, some do not and go on to develop an alcohol use disorder. Depressed emerging adults may continue to drink heavily to cope with the stressful (e.g., remaining unemployed) transition out of university. Accordingly, using parallel process latent class growth modelling, we aimed to distinguish high- from low-risk groups of individuals based on joint patterns of depression and alcohol misuse following university graduation. Participants ( = 123) completed self-reports at three-month intervals for the year post-graduation. Results supported four classes: class 1: ( = 52), class 2: ( = 35), class 3: ( = 29), and class 4: ( = 8). Our findings show that the co-development of depression and alcohol misuse after university is not uniform. Most emerging adults in our sample continued to struggle with significant depressive symptoms after university, though only two classes continued to drink at moderate (class 2) and high (class 4) risk levels.
抑郁症与酒精使用障碍高度共病。通常，酒精使用在成年早期（如大学期间）达到高峰，而且许多人在这个时期也会患上抑郁症。自我药疗理论预测，处于抑郁状态的成年早期个体饮酒是为了减轻负面情绪。虽然研究表明抑郁症预示着大学生的酒精使用及相关问题，但对于大学毕业后这种关联的连续性却知之甚少。大多数成年早期个体在成年后不再大量饮酒；然而，有些人并非如此，继而发展成酒精使用障碍。处于抑郁状态的成年早期个体可能会继续大量饮酒，以应对大学毕业后压力重重的过渡阶段（如持续失业）。因此，我们采用并行过程潜在类别增长模型，旨在根据大学毕业后抑郁和酒精滥用的联合模式，区分高风险和低风险个体群体。参与者（n = 123）在毕业后的一年里每隔三个月完成一次自我报告。结果支持四类：第1类：（n = 52），第2类：（n = 35），第3类：（n = 29），第4类：（n = 8）。我们的研究结果表明，大学毕业后抑郁症和酒精滥用的共同发展并非一致。我们样本中的大多数成年早期个体在大学毕业后仍在与严重的抑郁症状作斗争，不过只有两类人继续以中度风险水平（第2类）和高度风险水平（第4类）饮酒。
