Potts Cory Adam, Callahan-Flintoft Chloe, Rosenbaum David A
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, 439 Moore Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2018 Oct;236(10):2727-2737. doi: 10.1007/s00221-018-5327-y. Epub 2018 Jul 12.
Although reaching and walking are commonly coordinated, their coordination has been little studied. We investigated decision-making related to reaching and walking in connection with a recently discovered phenomenon called pre-crastination-the tendency to expend extra effort in the service of hastening goal or sub-goal completion. In the earlier studies where pre-crastination was discovered, participants decided which of two buckets to carry to the end of a walkway, picking the bucket they thought was easier. Surprisingly, the majority of participants chose to carry the bucket that was closer to the start position, which meant that the bucket they chose had to be carried farther than the bucket they did not choose. Here we inquired into participants' sensitivity to reaching effort and walking effort by varying how far participants had to reach to pick up a bucket, how heavy the bucket was, and how far participants had to walk with the bucket they chose. We found that participants were willing to lean and reach far to pick up an empty bucket that was a shorter walk from the start position. However, as reaching costs and carrying costs increased, participants prioritized shorter reaches over shorter walking distances. The results show that although pre-crastination is a robust tendency, there are limits to the kinds of costs people are willing to incur to complete sub-goals as soon as possible.
尽管伸手够物和行走通常是协调进行的，但它们之间的协调性却鲜有研究。我们结合最近发现的一种名为“提前拖延”的现象，对与伸手够物和行走相关的决策进行了调查。“提前拖延”是指为了加速目标或子目标的完成而额外付出努力的倾向。在早期发现“提前拖延”现象的研究中，参与者要决定将两个桶中的哪一个搬到人行道尽头，他们会选择自己认为更轻的桶。令人惊讶的是，大多数参与者选择搬运离起始位置更近的桶，这意味着他们选择的桶要比未选择的桶搬运得更远。在这里，我们通过改变参与者伸手够桶的距离、桶的重量以及搬运所选桶行走的距离，来探究参与者对伸手够物的努力和行走的努力的敏感度。我们发现，参与者愿意倾斜身体并伸长手臂去够一个离起始位置较近且行走距离较短的空桶。然而，随着伸手够物的成本和搬运成本的增加，参与者会优先选择较短的伸手够物距离而非较短的行走距离。结果表明，尽管“提前拖延”是一种强烈的倾向，但人们为了尽快完成子目标而愿意承担的成本类型是有限的。
