Land William M, Rosenbaum David A, Seegelke Christian, Schack Thomas
Department of Neurocognition and Action, Biomechanics, Bielefeld University, Germany; Research Institute for Cognition and Robotics (CoR-Lab), Bielefeld University, Germany; Cognitive Interaction Technology, Center of Excellence (CITEC), Bielefeld University, Germany.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2013 Oct;144(2):298-307. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.06.002. Epub 2013 Aug 7.
This study examined the extent to which the anticipation of a manual action task influences whole-body postural planning and orientation. Our participants walked up to a drawer, opened the drawer, then grasped and moved an object in the drawer to another location in the same drawer. The starting placement of the object within the drawer and the final placement of the object in the drawer were varied across trials in either a blocked design (i.e., in trials where the same start and end location were repeated consecutively) or in a mixed fashion. Of primary interest was the posture adopted at the moment of grasping the drawer handle before pulling it out prior to the object manipulation task. Of secondary interest was whether there were sequential effects such that postures adopted in preceding trials influenced postures in subsequent trials. The results indicated that the spatial properties of the forthcoming object manipulation influenced both the postures adopted by the participants and the degree to which the drawer was opened, suggesting a prospective effect. In addition, the adopted postures were more consistent in blocked trials than in mixed trials, suggesting an additional retrospective effect. Overall, our findings suggest that motor planning occurs at the level of the whole body, and reflects both prospective and retrospective influences.
本研究考察了对手动操作任务的预期在多大程度上影响全身姿势规划和定向。我们的参与者走到一个抽屉前，打开抽屉，然后抓住抽屉里的一个物体并将其移动到同一个抽屉里的另一个位置。在不同的试验中，物体在抽屉内的起始位置和在抽屉内的最终位置以区组设计（即，在连续重复相同起始和结束位置的试验中）或以混合方式变化。主要关注的是在进行物体操作任务之前，在拉出抽屉把手的瞬间所采用的姿势。次要关注的是是否存在顺序效应，即前一个试验中采用的姿势是否会影响后续试验中的姿势。结果表明，即将进行的物体操作的空间特性既影响参与者采用的姿势，也影响抽屉打开的程度，这表明存在前瞻性效应。此外，在区组试验中采用的姿势比在混合试验中更一致，这表明存在额外的回顾性效应。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，运动规划发生在全身水平，并反映了前瞻性和回顾性影响。
