School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Midwifery, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Arch Womens Ment Health. 2019 Apr;22(2):245-251. doi: 10.1007/s00737-018-0888-0. Epub 2018 Jul 12.
Gender identity is one of the basic forms of identity which has a key role in the mental health during adolescence. The present study was conducted to determine the process of gender identity development among Iranian female adolescents. In this grounded theory study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 55 purposefully and theoretical selected participants including 30 female adolescents and 25 key informants who lived in urban society of Isfahan, Iran, in 2016-2018. Data were analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's mode of analysis (2008), through constant comparative method, applying levels of open, axial, and selective coding with MAXQDA software. Development of gender identity in the shadow of socialization was presented as the core category extracted from the data in this study. Female adolescents would use "sexual self-expression during puberty," "attachment to parents and peers," "tendency towards the opposite sex," and "effort for social acceptance" as the main strategies in the development of gender identity until achieving "stabilized gender identity." "Girls' communicational skills" and "parents' empowerment" were the causal conditions in this process. "Gender differences" and "sociocultural texture of the society" were the contextual conditions and the influence of "peers" and "media" was the interventional conditions in the development of gender identity in female adolescents. Improving girls' communicational skills, empowering parents for managing their interactions with their daughters, adjusting gender roles in the society, and creating appropriate content by the media could have an important role in helping female adolescents achieving stabilized gender identity.
性别认同是身份的基本形式之一，在青少年心理健康中起着关键作用。本研究旨在确定伊朗女性青少年性别认同发展的过程。在这项扎根理论研究中，于 2016-2018 年，采用目的抽样和理论抽样的方法，选取了居住在伊朗伊斯法罕市城市社会的 55 名参与者，包括 30 名女性青少年和 25 名关键信息提供者，进行了半结构化访谈。数据采用 Strauss 和 Corbin 的分析模式（2008）进行分析，通过不断比较的方法，使用 MAXQDA 软件进行开放式、轴向式和选择性编码的水平分析。本研究从数据中提取出核心类别：社会化阴影下的性别认同发展。女性青少年在性别认同发展过程中会使用“青春期的性自我表达”、“与父母和同伴的依恋”、“对异性的倾向”和“追求社会认可”等主要策略，直到达到“稳定的性别认同”。“女孩的沟通技巧”和“父母的赋权”是这一过程的促成条件。“性别差异”和“社会文化背景”是情境条件，“同伴”和“媒体”的影响是女性青少年性别认同发展的干预条件。提高女孩的沟通技巧、增强父母管理与女儿互动的能力、调整社会中的性别角色以及通过媒体创作合适的内容，可能对帮助女性青少年实现稳定的性别认同发挥重要作用。
