微囊藻毒素对动物和人类的暴露途径及健康影响：一篇综述短文

Exposure routes and health effects of microcystins on animals and humans: A mini-review.

作者信息

Massey Isaac Yaw, Yang Fei, Ding Zhen, Yang Shu, Guo Jian, Tezi Clara, Al-Osman Muwaffak, Kamegni Robert Boukem, Zeng Weiming

机构信息

Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China.

Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.

出版信息

Toxicon. 2018 Sep 1;151:156-162. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.010. Epub 2018 Jul 10.

DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.010

PMID:30003917

Abstract

Microcystins (MCs) pollution has quickly risen in infamy and has become a major problem to public health worldwide. MCs are a group of monocyclic hepatotoxic peptides, which are produced by some bloom-forming cyanobacteria in water. More than 100 different MCs variants posing a great threat to animals and humans due to their potential carcinogenicity have been reported. To reduce MCs risks, the World Health Organization has set a provisional guideline of 1 μg/L MCs in human's drinking water. This paper provides an overview of exposure routes of MCs into the human system and health effects on different organs after MCs exposure including the liver, intestine, brain, kidney, lung, heart and reproductive system. In addition, some evidences on human poisoning and deaths associated with MCs exposure are presented. Finally, in order to protect human life against the health threats posed by MCs, this paper also suggests some directions for future research that can advance MCs control and minimize human exposure to MCs.

摘要

微囊藻毒素（MCs）污染已迅速声名狼藉，成为全球公共卫生的一个主要问题。微囊藻毒素是一类单环肝毒性肽，由水中一些形成水华的蓝藻产生。已报道有100多种不同的微囊藻毒素变体，因其潜在的致癌性对动物和人类构成巨大威胁。为降低微囊藻毒素风险，世界卫生组织设定了人类饮用水中微囊藻毒素1μg/L的临时指导值。本文概述了微囊藻毒素进入人体系统的暴露途径以及微囊藻毒素暴露后对不同器官（包括肝脏、肠道、大脑、肾脏、肺、心脏和生殖系统）的健康影响。此外，还介绍了一些与微囊藻毒素暴露相关的人类中毒和死亡证据。最后，为保护人类生命免受微囊藻毒素带来的健康威胁，本文还提出了一些未来研究方向，以推进微囊藻毒素的控制并尽量减少人类对微囊藻毒素的暴露。