Clinical characteristics and risk of hypertension needing treatment in young patients with systolic hypertension identified with ambulatory monitoring.

OBJECTIVE

The clinical significance of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in youth is controversial. One main confounding factor is the strong white-coat effect often observed in ISH patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of hypertension needing pharmacological treatment in ISH identified with ambulatory 24-h blood pressure (24-h BP).

METHODS

We examined 1206, 18-45-year-old participants from the Hypertension and Ambulatory Recording VEnetia STudy. Based on 24-h BP, 269 participants were normotensive, 209 had ISH, 277 had isolated diastolic hypertension, and 451 had systolic-diastolic hypertension. The predictive role of ISH for incident hypertension was evaluated in Cox survival analyses, adjusting for risk factors and confounders.

RESULTS

ISH participants were more frequently young men active in sports, with lower heart rate and cholesterol. During a 6.9-year follow-up, 61.1% of participants developed hypertension. ISH participants had a nonsignificant increase in risk of hypertension compared with normotensive (reference group). In contrast, participants with diastolic hypertension (1.44; 1.13-1.85) or systolic-diastolic hypertension (2.04; 1.59-2.64) had a significant increase in risk. When the ISH participants were divided according to whether 24-h mean BP was normal (<97 mmHg) or high, ISH patients with normal mean BP had no increase in risk (1.01; 0.73-1.40), whereas those with high mean BP had a significant increase in risk (1.70; 1.16-2.49).

CONCLUSION

These data obtained with ambulatory BP monitoring show that in ISH people younger than 45 years, only mean BP is a predictor of future hypertension needing treatment, whereas the ISH status per se does not necessarily imply an increase in risk.