M. chimaera: A Multi-Headed Pathogen.

We present the case of a 64-year-old man with Mycobacterium chimaera prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis likely acquired through exposure to a contaminated heater-cooler device used for cardiopulmonary bypass during valve replacement. This case demonstrates multi-system involvement with a non-tuberculous mycobacterial species that was previously not considered a significant human pathogen. We review the key features of the case and review published literature regarding an international outbreak of M. chimaera arising from point-source contamination during the manufacturing process. This report highlights the importance of clinician awareness of this international outbreak.