Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS -Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France.
Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine - Secteur Timone, EA 3279: CEReSS -Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France.
J Affect Disord. 2018 Oct 15;239:146-151. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.011. Epub 2018 Jul 6.
Medical student wellness has emerged as an important issue in medical education.
To evaluate the gender influence on psychiatric and/or psychological follow-up, psychotropic and illicit drug consumption, addictive behaviors, quality of life and motives for consumption in a large multicentric national sample of medical students.
Medical students of the 35 French Medicine faculties were recruited through mailing lists and social networks between December 2016 and May 2017 and fulfilled Internet anonymized questionnaires.
Overall, 10,985 medical students were included in the present study (mean age 21.8 years, 9640 (87.8%) women). Compared to men, women were found to smoke tobacco and cannabis less frequently (aOR = 0.8 [0.7-0.9], p < 0.0001 and aOR = 0.3 [0.3-0.4], p < 0.0001 respectively), to have lower rate of alcohol use disorders (aOR = 0.7 [0.6-0.7], p < 0.0001). Men were also found to consume more frequently ecstasy, cocaine, mushrooms, amphetamine, LSD, codeine and ketamine (all p < 0.0001) for pleasure and novelty seeking, group effect, but also alleviating anxiety, sedative and stimulant effect and stress before exam (all p < 0.001) while women were more frequently followed-up by a psychiatrist and/or a psychologist (aOR = 2.0 [1.7-2.3],p < 0.0001), consumed more frequently anxiolytics (aOR = 1.6[1.3-1.9], p < 0.0001) and antidepressants (aOR = 1.4[1.1-1.9], p = 0.01), reported lower rates of physical and mental quality of life in all subscores (all p < 0.0001). They were more frequently exposed to sexual assault (aOR = 4.1 [2.5-6.9], p < 0.0001) and domestic violence (aOR = 1.6[1.1-2.5], p = 0.02) while men were more frequently exposed to physical assault (aOR = 0.4[0.4-0.5], p < 0.0001) during their medical studies.
Medical students are mostly women. While men and women are both exposed to professional and personal stress with differences, men are more frequently involved in addictive behavior and psychoactive substance consumption while women are mostly followed-up by psychiatrist and/or psychologist and psychotropic drug consumers, with more impaired self-reported mental and physical quality of life scores. These results should orientate future health strategies for the prevention of later mental illness onset and stress at work in hospital.
评估性别对精神科和/或心理随访、精神药物和非法药物消费、成瘾行为、生活质量以及医学专业学生消费动机的影响。
通过邮件列表和社交网络，于 2016 年 12 月至 2017 年 5 月间招募了来自 35 所法国医学院的医学生，并让他们填写互联网匿名问卷。
本研究共纳入了 10985 名医学生（平均年龄 21.8 岁，9640 名女性[87.8%]）。与男性相比，女性吸烟和吸食大麻的频率较低（aOR=0.8[0.7-0.9]，p<0.0001；aOR=0.3[0.3-0.4]，p<0.0001），且酒精使用障碍的发生率较低（aOR=0.7[0.6-0.7]，p<0.0001）。男性还发现更频繁地消费摇头丸、可卡因、蘑菇、苯丙胺、迷幻药、可待因和氯胺酮（均为 p<0.0001），用于追求愉悦和新奇、群体效应，也用于缓解焦虑、镇静和刺激效应，以及考试前的压力（均为 p<0.001），而女性更频繁地接受精神科医生和/或心理学家的随访（aOR=2.0[1.7-2.3]，p<0.0001），更频繁地使用抗焦虑药（aOR=1.6[1.3-1.9]，p<0.0001）和抗抑郁药（aOR=1.4[1.1-1.9]，p=0.01），所有子评分的身体和心理健康生活质量评分均较低（均为 p<0.0001）。她们更容易遭受性侵犯（aOR=4.1[2.5-6.9]，p<0.0001）和家庭暴力（aOR=1.6[1.1-2.5]，p=0.02），而男性在医学学习期间更易遭受身体攻击（aOR=0.4[0.4-0.5]，p<0.0001）。
医学生以女性为主。虽然男性和女性都面临着职业和个人压力，但存在差异，男性更频繁地参与成瘾行为和精神药物消费，而女性则更多地接受精神科医生和/或心理学家以及精神药物使用者的随访，自我报告的心理和身体生活质量评分较低。这些结果应该为未来的健康策略提供指导，以预防后期精神疾病的发生和医院工作压力。
