通过 CRISPR-Cas 系统工程病毒抗性。

Engineering virus resistance via CRISPR-Cas systems.

机构信息

Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.

出版信息

Curr Opin Virol. 2018 Oct;32:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.06.002. Epub 2018 Jul 11.

DOI:10.1016/j.coviro.2018.06.002

PMID:30005359

Abstract

In prokaryotes, CRISPR/Cas adaptive immunity systems target and destroy nucleic acids derived from invading bacteriophages and other foreign genetic elements. In eukaryotes, the native function of these systems has been exploited to combat viruses in mammals and plants. Rewired CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cas13 systems have been used to confer resistance against DNA and RNA viruses, respectively. Here, we discuss recent approaches employing CRISPR/Cas systems to combat viruses in eukaryotes, highlight key challenges, and provide future perspectives. Moreover, we discuss the application of CRISPR/Cas systems in genome-wide screens to identify key host factors for virus infection to enhance our understanding of basic virus biology and to identify and study virus-host interactions.

摘要

在原核生物中，CRISPR/Cas 适应性免疫系统靶向并破坏来自入侵噬菌体和其他外源遗传元件的核酸。在真核生物中，这些系统的固有功能已被用于对抗哺乳动物和植物中的病毒。重布线的 CRISPR/Cas9 和 CRISPR/Cas13 系统已分别用于赋予对 DNA 和 RNA 病毒的抗性。在这里，我们讨论了利用 CRISPR/Cas 系统来对抗真核生物中的病毒的最新方法，强调了关键挑战，并提供了未来的展望。此外，我们还讨论了 CRISPR/Cas 系统在全基因组筛选中的应用，以鉴定病毒感染的关键宿主因子，从而增进我们对基本病毒生物学的理解，并鉴定和研究病毒-宿主相互作用。