Keller Andres, Wagner Pablo, Izquierdo Guillermo, Cabrolier Jorge, Caicedo Nathaly, Wagner Emilio, Maffulli Nicola
Department of Orthopedics, Universidad del desarrollo - Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Vitacura 5951, 7650568, Santiago, Chile.
Universidad de los Andes - Hospital Militar de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.
J Orthop Surg Res. 2018 Jul 13;13(1):177. doi: 10.1186/s13018-018-0882-2.
The purpose of this study is to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the VISA-A questionnaire for Chilean Spanish speakers with Achilles tendinopathy (AT), which has been originally developed for English-speaking population.
According to the guidelines published by Beaton et al., the questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted to Chilean patients in six steps: initial translation, synthesis of the translation, back translation, expert committee review, test of the pre-final version (cohort n = 35), and development of VISA-A-CH. The resulting Chilean version was tested for validity on 60 patients: 20 healthy individuals (group 1), 20 patients with a recently diagnosed AT (group 2), and 20 with a severe AT that already initiated conservative treatment with no clinical improvement (group 3). The questionnaire was completed three times by each participant: at the time of study enrollment, after an hour, and after a week of the initial test.
All six steps were successfully completed for the translation and cultural adaptation of the VISA-A-CH. VISA-A-CH final mean scores in the healthy group was significantly higher than those in the other groups. Group 3 had the lowest scores. Validity showed excellent test-retest reliability (rho c = 0.999; Pearson's r = 1.000) within an hour and within a week (rho c = 0.837; Pearson's r = 0.840).
VISA-A was translated and validated to Chilean Spanish speakers successfully, being comparable to the original version. We believe that VISA-A-CH can be recommended as an important tool for clinical and research settings in Chilean and probably Latin-American Spanish speakers.
本研究旨在对最初为英语人群开发的阿基里斯肌腱病（AT）患者的VISA - A问卷进行翻译、文化调适并验证其在智利说西班牙语人群中的适用性。
根据比顿等人发布的指南，问卷分六个步骤进行翻译并调适以适用于智利患者：初始翻译、翻译综合、回译、专家委员会审查、预终版测试（队列n = 35）以及VISA - A - CH的开发。最终得到的智利版本在60名患者中进行了效度测试：20名健康个体（第1组），20名近期诊断为AT的患者（第2组），以及20名已开始保守治疗但临床无改善的重度AT患者（第3组）。每位参与者需完成三次问卷：在研究入组时、一小时后以及初始测试一周后。
VISA - A - CH的翻译和文化调适的所有六个步骤均成功完成。健康组的VISA - A - CH最终平均得分显著高于其他组。第3组得分最低。效度显示在一小时内和一周内具有出色的重测信度（rho c = 0.999；皮尔逊r = 1.000）（一小时内）以及（rho c = 0.837；皮尔逊r = 0.840）（一周内）。
VISA - A已成功翻译并验证适用于智利说西班牙语人群，与原始版本相当。我们认为VISA - A - CH可被推荐为智利以及可能在拉丁美洲说西班牙语人群的临床和研究环境中的重要工具。
