母亲的劝阻与孩子摄入美味甜点：多层次序列分析。
Maternal discouragement and child intake of a palatable dessert: A multilevel sequential analysis.
机构信息
Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 1109 SE, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5456, USA.
Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 50 N. Dunlap, Rm 461R, Memphis, TN 38103, USA.
出版信息
Appetite. 2018 Oct 1;129:171-177. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.07.013. Epub 2018 Jul 17.
BACKGROUND
Family mealtimes are often marked by parent-child conflict, which may arise when children's eating behaviors do not match parental expectations. Little is known about how children respond to parents' comments to discourage eating.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to examine the likelihood of a child taking a bite following a maternal statement to discourage child intake.
METHODS
50 mother-child dyads (mean child age 71.8 months) participated in a laboratory eating task with cupcakes. Video recordings were reliably coded for maternal statements to discourage child intake (varying by domains of affective valence and directness) and child bites. Multilevel sequential analysis was performed to determine differences in pairs' antecedent statement to discourage child intake and a child's discouraged bite.
RESULTS
Children were significantly more likely to be non-compliant by taking a bite following negative (vs. positive), indirect (vs. direct) and negative direct (vs. positive direct) statements to discourage child intake (that is, a "discouraged bite"). There were no differences in children taking discouraged bites following a negative indirect vs. positive indirect statement to discourage child intake.
CONCLUSIONS
Children may be more apt to comply with their mother's mealtime commands if they are delivered with a direct approach and a positive affective valence. Future work should examine the longitudinal effects of using positive direct mealtime commands on children's food intake, weight gain and emotional health.
背景
家庭用餐时常伴有亲子冲突，这可能是由于孩子的饮食习惯不符合父母的期望。目前，对于孩子如何回应父母的劝阻进食的言论，我们知之甚少。
目的
本研究旨在探讨孩子在母亲发表劝阻进食的言论后，是否更有可能咬一口食物。
方法
50 对母子（平均儿童年龄 71.8 个月）参与了一项带有蛋糕的实验室进食任务。视频记录经过可靠编码，用于记录母亲劝阻孩子进食的言论（按情感效价和直接程度的不同进行分类）和孩子的咬食行为。采用多层次序列分析来确定母子在劝阻孩子进食的言论以及孩子的“被劝阻的咬食”行为之间的差异。
结果
与积极、直接和消极直接（即“被劝阻的咬食”）的言论相比，孩子在听到消极、间接和消极直接的言论后更有可能咬一口食物来表示不服从。在听到消极间接和积极间接的言论后，孩子咬食“被劝阻的食物”的行为没有差异。
结论
如果母亲在用餐时的指令采用直接的方法和积极的情感效价，那么孩子可能更愿意服从。未来的研究应探讨积极直接的用餐指令对儿童食物摄入、体重增加和情绪健康的长期影响。
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