Pesch Megan H, Appugliese Danielle P, Miller Alison L, Rosenblum Katherine L, Lumeng Julie C, Bauer Katherine W
Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, 1109 SE, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA.
Appugliese Professional Advisors, 5 Piece Way, North Easton, MA 02334, USA.
Eat Behav. 2018 Dec;31:74-79. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.08.006. Epub 2018 Aug 23.
Identifying differences in how mothers communicate restriction of their children's eating may be important to understanding the effects of restriction on children's intake and weight status.
To characterize mothers' restrictive statements by affect and directness, and examine cross-sectional associations between restrictive statement types and children's body mass index and eating behaviors.
Mother-child dyads (N = 223, mean child age 5.9 years) participated in a structured eating task. A coding scheme reliably characterized mothers' restrictive statements. Mothers completed measures of child enjoyment of food, food responsiveness, and satiety responsiveness, and child anthropometrics were measured. Poisson regression was used to test associations between type of restrictive statements and child BMI z-score (BMIz) and eating behaviors, adjusting for covariates.
Higher child BMIz was associated with mothers' more frequent use of negative direct restrictive statements, but not other types of statements. This association was stronger among girls (RR (95% CI) = 2.28 (1.45-3.59)) than boys (RR (95% CI) = 1.49 (1.05-2.10)). Among girls, but not boys, higher enjoyment of food and lower satiety responsiveness were associated with more frequent positive direct restrictive statements (RR (95% CI) = 1.63 (1.20-2.21) and RR (95% CI) = 1.94 (1.29-2.92), respectively). For both sexes, mothers' use of positive indirect restrictive statements was more frequent among children with higher enjoyment of food (RR (95% CI) = 1.38 (1.11-1.72).
The statements mothers use to restrict their children's eating vary in affect and directness. Child characteristics, such as sex, BMI, and the presence of specific eating behaviors, are associated with differing approaches to restriction by mothers.
识别母亲在限制孩子饮食方式上的差异，可能对理解限制饮食对孩子摄入量和体重状况的影响至关重要。
按情感和直接程度对母亲的限制性行为进行分类，并研究限制性行为类型与儿童体重指数及饮食行为之间的横断面关联。
母婴二元组（N = 223，儿童平均年龄5.9岁）参与了一项结构化饮食任务。一种编码方案可靠地对母亲的限制性行为进行了分类。母亲们完成了关于孩子对食物的喜爱程度、食物反应性和饱腹感反应性的测量，并测量了儿童人体测量学指标。使用泊松回归来检验限制性行为类型与儿童BMI z评分（BMIz）和饮食行为之间的关联，并对协变量进行调整。
较高的儿童BMIz与母亲更频繁使用负面直接限制性行为相关，但与其他类型的行为无关。这种关联在女孩中（相对风险（95%置信区间）= 2.28（1.45 - 3.59））比男孩中（相对风险（95%置信区间）= 1.49（1.05 - 2.10））更强。在女孩而非男孩中，较高的食物喜爱程度和较低的饱腹感反应性与更频繁的正面直接限制性行为相关（相对风险（95%置信区间）分别为1.63（1.20 - 2.21）和1.94（1.29 - 2.92））。对于男女两性，母亲使用正面间接限制性行为在食物喜爱程度较高的儿童中更为频繁（相对风险（95%置信区间）= 1.38（1.11 - 1.72））。
母亲用于限制孩子饮食的行为在情感和直接程度上存在差异。儿童特征，如性别、BMI以及特定饮食行为的存在，与母亲不同的限制方式相关。
