King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,London,UK.
Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2019 Feb;28(1):4-8. doi: 10.1017/S204579601800029X. Epub 2018 Jul 17.
This study is aimed at the importance of social care in rehabilitation. A brief overview of the social care theme is used as the methodology. There is a tension in mental health care between biological and psychological treatments that focus on deficits at the individual level (symptoms, disabilities) and social interventions that try to address local inequalities and barriers in order to improve access for service users to ordinary housing, employment and leisure opportunities. The history of mental health care tells us that social care is often underfunded and too easily dismissed as not the business of health care. But too much emphasis on a health model of individual deficits is a slippery slope to institutionalisation by way of therapeutic nihilism. Rehabilitation services follow the biopsychosocial model but with a shift in emphasis, recognising the vital role played by social interventions in improving the functional outcomes that matter to service users including access to housing, occupation, leisure facilities and the support of family and friends. In conclusion, rehabilitation is framed within a model of personal recovery in which the target of intervention is to boost hope and help the individual find a meaning to life, living well regardless of enduring symptoms.
本研究旨在强调社会关怀在康复中的重要性。本文简要概述了社会关怀这一主题，作为研究方法。在心理健康护理中，存在着一种紧张关系，一方面是关注个体层面缺陷（症状、残疾）的生物和心理治疗，另一方面是试图解决当地不平等和障碍的社会干预措施，以提高服务使用者获得普通住房、就业和休闲机会的机会。心理健康护理的历史告诉我们，社会关怀往往资金不足，而且很容易被视为不属于医疗保健的范畴。但是，过于强调个体缺陷的健康模式，很容易导致通过治疗虚无主义而走向制度化。康复服务遵循生物心理社会模式，但重点有所转移，认识到社会干预在改善对服务使用者重要的功能结果方面发挥的重要作用，包括获得住房、职业、休闲设施以及家庭和朋友的支持。总之，康复是在个人康复模式的框架内进行的，干预的目标是增强希望，帮助个人找到生活的意义，无论是否存在持久的症状，都能过上美好的生活。
