High-volume general practitioners in Alberta: a descriptive analysis.

BACKGROUND

Alberta is considering capping daily fee-for-service physician billings, but little is known about high-volume practice in the province and its impact on patient health outcomes. In this initial study, we conducted a descriptive analysis of general practitioners' patient volumes and billing practices in relation to associated practitioner demographic characteristics.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis of the associations of practitioner characteristics, including full-time versus non-full-time practice, provider sex, years in practice, geographic location and international medical graduate status, with high-volume (> 50 visits/d) practice using general practice billing data from 2011 to 2016. Use of general practitioner service codes was described and compared by general practitioner volume status, with adjustment for physician demographic characteristics and geographic parameters.

RESULTS

We included 3465 general practitioners practising fee-for-service in Alberta between 2011 and 2016, of whom 233 (6.7%) were identified as high-volume providers. Physicians who had been in practice longer (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 per year, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.05) and international medical graduates (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.40-2.54) were more likely to exceed 50 patient visits/day. Female physicians were less likely to exceed 50 patient visits/day (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.07-0.28). Rural practice location was negatively associated with high-volume practice (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79-0.95) when we controlled for zone within the province. Zone 5 (North) was associated with high-volume practice (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.06-3.58). Less than full-time practice was prevalent (1836 providers [53.0%]). High-volume general practitioners billed fewer service codes requiring longer visits, except for the most highly remunerated code (patients with complex health issues).

INTERPRETATION

These results can inform policy-makers when considering payment system changes. Our next step is to examine the association of high-volume practice with outcomes important to patients, such as evidence of treatment failure (emergency department visits and hospital admissions) for conditions sensitive to primary care management.