Faich G, Pearson K, Fleming D, Sobel S, Anello C
JAMA. 1986 Jan 10;255(2):216-8.
Thirteen confirmed cases of toxic shock syndrome temporally related to use of the vaginal contraceptive sponge have been reported. The observed risk of toxic shock syndrome in sponge users may be elevated above estimated background rates, but this risk remains very low. Traumatic manipulation of the sponge, use during menstruation or the puerperium, and prolonged retention of the sponge may additionally increase toxic shock syndrome risk. As with all contraceptives, risks must be balanced against benefits.
已报告了13例与使用阴道避孕海绵在时间上相关的中毒性休克综合征确诊病例。使用海绵的人群中观察到的中毒性休克综合征风险可能高于估计的背景发生率，但该风险仍然非常低。对海绵的创伤性操作、在月经期间或产褥期使用以及海绵的长时间留置可能会进一步增加中毒性休克综合征的风险。与所有避孕药一样，必须权衡风险与益处。
