Schwartz B, Gaventa S, Broome C V, Reingold A L, Hightower A W, Perlman J A, Wolf P H
Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
Rev Infect Dis. 1989 Jan-Feb;11 Suppl 1:S43-8; discussion S48-9. doi: 10.1093/clinids/11.supplement_1.s43.
Use of barrier contraceptives has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS). This association was evaluated in a case-control study of nonmenstrual TSS; cases were identified through an active surveillance system for TSS during 1986 and 1987. Potential risk factors for nonmenstrual TSS were compared for 28 patients and 100 age-matched controls. Use of barrier contraceptives was associated with a significantly increased risk of nonmenstrual TSS, with matched odds ratios of 10.5 and 11.7 for contraceptive sponge and diaphragm use, respectively. Use of nonbarrier contraceptive methods was unrelated to nonmenstrual TSS. Despite the elevated odds ratio, the incidence of nonmenstrual TSS in barrier contraceptives users and the risk of nonmenstrual TSS attributable to barrier contraceptive use are low. Clinicians and women who use barrier contraceptives should be aware of this rare but potentially fatal complication; however, other considerations, such as efficacy and complications associated with other types of contraception, may be more important in the choice of a contraceptive method.
屏障避孕法被认为是非经期中毒性休克综合征（TSS）的一个风险因素。在一项非经期TSS病例对照研究中对这种关联进行了评估；病例是通过1986年和1987年TSS的主动监测系统确定的。对28例患者和100例年龄匹配的对照者比较了非经期TSS的潜在风险因素。使用屏障避孕法与非经期TSS风险显著增加相关，使用避孕海绵和子宫托的匹配比值比分别为10.5和11.7。使用非屏障避孕方法与非经期TSS无关。尽管比值比升高，但屏障避孕法使用者中非经期TSS的发生率以及因使用屏障避孕法导致的非经期TSS风险较低。使用屏障避孕法的临床医生和女性应意识到这种罕见但可能致命的并发症；然而，在选择避孕方法时，其他考虑因素，如有效性以及与其他类型避孕相关的并发症，可能更为重要。
