UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France; ADEME 20, Avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France.
UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78850 Thiverval Grignon, France.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Dec 15;645:205-219. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.202. Epub 2018 Jul 17.
In France, agriculture is responsible for 98% of ammonia (NH) emissions with over 50% caused by nitrogen (N) fertilization. The current French national inventory is based on default emission factors (EF) and does not account for the main variables influencing NH emissions. To model the spatio-temporal variability of NH emissions due to mineral and organic N fertilization, we implemented a new method named CADASTRE_NH. The novelty lies in the combined use of two types of resources: the process-based Volt'Air model and geo-referenced and temporally explicit databases for soil properties, meteorological conditions and N fertilization. Simulation units are the Small Agricultural Regions. Several sources of information were combined to obtain N fertilization management: census and surveys of the French Ministry of Agriculture, statistics on commercial fertilizer deliveries, and French expertise on physicochemical properties of organic manure. The practical interest of this new framework was illustrated for France during the crop year 2005/06. Aggregation at crop year level showed a reasonable agreement between estimated values derived from CADASTRE_NH and those from the French inventory method, for N and ammoniacal-N (TAN) application rates, total NH emissions and NH EF. Discrepancies were large for organic manure only; national TAN application rates and NH emissions were 62-63% lower with CADASTRE_NH. This was due to divergences in the representation of cattle farm yard manure and in the TAN:N ratio of solid manure. Annual emissions for fertilization in France were estimated to be 270 Gg NH, 29% lower than the French national inventory estimate. At the regional level, organic manure contributed to 73% of field NH emissions in intensive livestock husbandry areas and to 41% in the other areas. The CADASTRE_NH framework can be seen as a Tier 3 approach able to estimate specific regional EF for different mineral fertilizers and organic manure.
在法国，农业氨（NH）排放的 98%来自于氮肥，其中超过 50%是由氮施肥造成的。目前法国国家清单基于默认排放因子（EF），没有考虑影响 NH 排放的主要变量。为了模拟由于矿物和有机 N 施肥引起的 NH 排放的时空变化，我们实施了一种名为 CADASTRE_NH 的新方法。该方法的新颖之处在于同时使用了两种资源：基于过程的 Volt'Air 模型和土壤特性、气象条件和 N 施肥的地理参考和时间明确的数据库。模拟单元是小型农业区。为了获得 N 施肥管理的信息来源，我们结合了以下几种方法：法国农业部的普查和调查、商业化肥发货统计以及关于有机肥理化性质的法国专业知识。在 2005/06 作物年期间，该新框架在法国的应用说明了其实际意义。在作物年水平上进行聚合，表明 CADASTRE_NH 得出的估计值与法国清单方法得出的 N 和氨氮（TAN）施用量、总 NH 排放量和 NH EF 值之间具有合理的一致性。仅在有机肥方面存在较大差异；CADASTRE_NH 计算出的法国 TAN 施用量和 NH 排放量要低 62-63%。这是由于牛粪在农业场院中的表现以及固体肥料中 TAN:N 比的差异所致。法国施肥的年排放量估计为 270 Gg NH，比法国国家清单估计值低 29%。在区域一级，有机肥料对集约化畜牧业地区田间 NH 排放的贡献率为 73%，对其他地区的贡献率为 41%。CADASTRE_NH 框架可以被视为一种 Tier 3 方法，能够针对不同的矿物肥料和有机肥料估计特定的区域 EF。
