Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Mar;27(8):8129-8141. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-07326-w. Epub 2020 Jan 3.
Ammonia (NH) is one of the main polluted gases in the atmosphere, and its emission has markedly increased in recent years. In China, NH is mainly emitted from agricultural fields. Using city-wide data on NH emissions in agricultural fields, the spatio-temporal emission of NH was estimated for North China. This included emissions from nitrogen fertilizers, field straws, background soil, nitrogen-fixing plants, human feces, and livestock/poultry manure. Based on the results, the range of NH emission in agricultural lands was 1623.0-1801.5 Gg/year. The rate of increase in NH emission in the period 2003-2015 was 0.74% per year, which was relatively stable. The leading sources of NH emission included the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture and the continuous expansion of livestock and poultry industries scale, accounting respectively for 44.9% and 43.9% NH emission in the study area, respectively. Hebei and Shandong provinces contributed the highest NH emission in North China. The contribution rate of NH emission in each province varied with sources, agricultural development, and population density. Based on the 1 km × 1 km grid resolution map for NH emission, the range and average of emission were 9.72-10.13 kg/ha and 9.95 kg/ha, respectively. High emissions were in the southeast of Hebei province and most of Shandong province. For these regions, there is a need for changes in policies relating to the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture and the management methods of livestock production in the region.
氨（NH）是大气中主要的污染气体之一，近年来其排放量显著增加。在中国，NH 主要来自农业领域。本研究利用中国华北地区农业领域 NH 排放的全市数据，对其时空排放进行了估算。这包括氮化肥、农田秸秆、背景土壤、固氮植物、人类粪便和牲畜/家禽粪便的排放。基于这些结果，农业用地的 NH 排放范围为 1623.0-1801.5Gg/年。2003-2015 年期间，NH 排放量的增长率为每年 0.74%，相对稳定。NH 排放的主要来源包括农业中化肥的过度使用和畜牧业规模的持续扩大，分别占研究区 NH 排放量的 44.9%和 43.9%。河北省和山东省对中国华北地区的 NH 排放贡献最大。每个省份的 NH 排放贡献率因来源、农业发展和人口密度而异。基于 1km×1km 网格分辨率的 NH 排放图，排放范围和平均值分别为 9.72-10.13kg/ha 和 9.95kg/ha。排放高值区位于河北省东南部和山东省大部分地区。对于这些地区，需要改变农业中化肥使用的政策和该地区牲畜生产的管理方法。
