Bernardes-Souza Breno, Patruz Ananias De Assis Pires Francisco, Madeira Gustavo Moreira, Felício Da Cunha Rodrigues Túlio, Gatzka Martina, Heppt Markus V, Omlor Albert J, Enk Alexander H, Groneberg David A, Seeger Werner, von Kalle Christof, Berking Carola, Corrêa Paulo César Rodrigues Pinto, Suhre Janina Leonie, Alfitian Jonas, Assis Aisllan, Brinker Titus Josef
School of Medicine, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
University of Ulm, Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm, Germany.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2018 Jul 17;4(3):e10234. doi: 10.2196/10234.
Most smokers start smoking during their early adolescence, often with the idea that smoking is glamorous. Interventions that harness the broad availability of mobile phones as well as adolescents' interest in their appearance may be a novel way to improve school-based prevention. A recent study conducted in Germany showed promising results. However, the transfer to other cultural contexts, effects on different genders, and implementability remains unknown.
In this observational study, we aimed to test the perception and implementability of facial-aging apps to prevent smoking in secondary schools in Brazil in accordance with the theory of planned behavior and with respect to different genders.
We used a free facial-aging mobile phone app ("Smokerface") in three Brazilian secondary schools via a novel method called mirroring. The students' altered three-dimensional selfies on mobile phones or tablets and images were "mirrored" via a projector in front of their whole grade. Using an anonymous questionnaire, we then measured on a 5-point Likert scale the perceptions of the intervention among 306 Brazilian secondary school students of both genders in the seventh grade (average age 12.97 years). A second questionnaire captured perceptions of medical students who conducted the intervention and its conduction per protocol.
The majority of students perceived the intervention as fun (304/306, 99.3%), claimed the intervention motivated them not to smoke (289/306, 94.4%), and stated that they learned new benefits of not smoking (300/306, 98.0%). Only a minority of students disagreed or fully disagreed that they learned new benefits of nonsmoking (4/306, 1.3%) or that they themselves were motivated not to smoke (5/306, 1.6%). All of the protocol was delivered by volunteer medical students.
Our data indicate the potential for facial-aging interventions to reduce smoking prevalence in Brazilian secondary schools in accordance with the theory of planned behavior. Volunteer medical students enjoyed the intervention and are capable of complete implementation per protocol.
大多数吸烟者在青少年早期开始吸烟，通常认为吸烟很有魅力。利用手机的广泛普及以及青少年对外表的兴趣进行干预，可能是一种改进学校预防工作的新方法。最近在德国进行的一项研究显示了有希望的结果。然而，将其转移到其他文化背景、对不同性别的影响以及可实施性仍然未知。
在这项观察性研究中，我们旨在根据计划行为理论并针对不同性别，测试面部衰老应用程序在巴西中学预防吸烟方面的认知度和可实施性。
我们通过一种名为镜像的新方法，在巴西的三所中学使用了一款免费的面部衰老手机应用程序（“吸烟脸”）。学生在手机或平板电脑上修改后的三维自拍以及图像，通过投影仪在整个年级面前“镜像”展示。然后，我们使用一份匿名问卷，以5分李克特量表测量了306名七年级巴西男女中学生（平均年龄12.97岁）对该干预措施的认知。第二份问卷收集了实施干预措施的医学生对干预措施及其按方案实施情况的认知。
大多数学生认为该干预措施有趣（304/306，99.3%），称该干预措施促使他们不吸烟（289/306，94.4%），并表示他们了解到不吸烟的新益处（300/306，98.0%）。只有少数学生不同意或完全不同意他们了解到不吸烟的新益处（4/306，1.3%）或他们自己被促使不吸烟（5/306，1.6%）。所有方案均由志愿医学生实施。
我们的数据表明，根据计划行为理论，面部衰老干预措施有可能降低巴西中学的吸烟率。志愿医学生喜欢该干预措施，并能够按方案完全实施。
