Bakar Nurul'Ain Abu, Tengku Ibrahim Tengku Azmi, Mohamad Shalan Noraijratul Asikin, Mohamed Suhaila
Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.
Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia.
J Microsc Ultrastruct. 2017 Apr-Jun;5(2):70-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.08.001. Epub 2016 Aug 21.
The edible red seaweed or is commercially cultivated in the pristine tropical seas for carrageenan production. The systemic, cellular, and molecular effects of 50% alcohol extract [seaweed ethanol extract (SECE)] on breast cancer were investigated in a rat model. Mammary tumor was induced by subcutaneously injecting LA7 cells in female rat mammary pads. After 2 weeks of cancer growth, the rats received oral administration of either SECE [150 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 300 mg/kg BW] or tamoxifen. Electron microscopy imaging results confirmed macrophage activity and hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated that tumor histopathological alterations were restored toward normal structures by the seaweed extract. The extract suppressed tumor development and modulated the immune responses. This was evidenced by the microscopic observations, the increased spleen weight, size, spleen CD19 B cells, and blood immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. The extract also increased the circulating total white blood cells, lymphocytes, segmented neutrophils count, T cells (CD3), T-helper cells (CD4), cytotoxic T cell (CD8), and nuclear factor-kappa beta expressions. The extract enhanced cancer cell death, by upregulating the Birc5, Chk1, and p53 levels and downregulating the tumor growth cellular Mdm2 (transformed mouse 3T3 cell double minute 2) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. The extract showed no toxicity at 150 mg/kg BW in rats. The lectin-rich SECE showed tumor suppression by enhancing immune responses and upregulating the cancer cell apoptosis mRNA expressions.
可食用的红海藻 在原始热带海域进行商业养殖以生产卡拉胶。在大鼠模型中研究了50%乙醇提取物[海藻乙醇提取物（SECE）]对乳腺癌的全身、细胞和分子效应。通过在雌性大鼠乳腺垫皮下注射LA7细胞诱导乳腺肿瘤。肿瘤生长2周后，大鼠口服给予SECE[150毫克/千克体重（BW）和300毫克/千克BW]或他莫昔芬。电子显微镜成像结果证实了巨噬细胞活性，苏木精和伊红染色表明海藻提取物使肿瘤组织病理学改变恢复到正常结构。该提取物抑制肿瘤发展并调节免疫反应。显微镜观察、脾脏重量增加、脾脏大小、脾脏CD19 B细胞以及血液免疫球蛋白G（IgG）水平升高均证明了这一点。该提取物还增加了循环中的总白细胞、淋巴细胞、分叶中性粒细胞计数、T细胞（CD3）、辅助性T细胞（CD4）、细胞毒性T细胞（CD8）以及核因子-κB的表达。该提取物通过上调Birc5、Chk1和p53水平并下调肿瘤生长细胞Mdm2（转化的小鼠3T3细胞双微体2）信使核糖核酸（mRNA）表达来增强癌细胞死亡。在150毫克/千克BW剂量下，该提取物对大鼠无毒性。富含凝集素的SECE通过增强免疫反应和上调癌细胞凋亡mRNA表达显示出肿瘤抑制作用。
