Hallfrisch J, West S, Fisher C, Reiser S, Mertz W, Prather E S, Canary J J
Atherosclerosis. 1985 Nov;57(2-3):179-88. doi: 10.1016/0021-9150(85)90031-0.
Twenty men, 19 premenopausal and 14 postmenopausal women consumed a diet for 13 weeks that supplied 35% of the calories from fat, 50% from carbohydrate, and 15% from protein. The diet was low in cholesterol, saturated fat, and salt, and high in complex carbohydrate and fiber. The 7-day menu was composed of common well-accepted foods prepared in a simple attractive manner. Plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol were reduced, but triglyceride levels were not different than after self-selected diets. When 20% of the complex carbohydrate was replaced by simple carbohydrate and other diet components remained optimal, triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol levels increased in men and premenopausal women and total cholesterol increased in premenopausal women. These results suggest that beneficial effects on the blood lipids and lipoprotein distribution of men and women may be obtained by minimal modification of a typical U.S. diet.
20名男性、19名绝经前女性和14名绝经后女性食用了一种饮食13周，该饮食提供的热量中35%来自脂肪，50%来自碳水化合物，15%来自蛋白质。这种饮食胆固醇、饱和脂肪和盐含量低，复合碳水化合物和纤维含量高。7天的菜单由以简单诱人的方式烹制的常见且广受欢迎的食物组成。血浆总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低了，但甘油三酯水平与自行选择饮食后没有差异。当20%的复合碳水化合物被简单碳水化合物取代且其他饮食成分保持最佳状态时，男性和绝经前女性的甘油三酯和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高，绝经前女性的总胆固醇升高。这些结果表明，对典型美国饮食进行最小程度的调整可能会对男性和女性的血脂及脂蛋白分布产生有益影响。
