Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Radioisotopes Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho n. 373 Bl G ss 061, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Radioisotopes Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho n. 373 Bl G ss 061, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Post-Graduation Program in Food Science and Technology, Rodovia BR 465 Km 7, 23890-000, Seropédica, Brazil.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Nov;242(Pt A):684-691. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.030. Epub 2018 Jul 11.
Natural compounds from the metabolism of marine organisms have been detected at high concentrations in environmental samples which are not the producers of these compounds. These natural substances are known as halogenated natural products (HNPs). HNPs are possibly toxic halogenated compounds analogous to POPs that may bioaccumulate and biomagnify along the food web and pose a further risk to human and environmental health. The present study analyzed the occurrence of HNPs in the edible muscle of the three most consumed commercial fish species in the state of Rio de Janeiro: sardine (Sardinella brasiliensis), whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) and mullet (Mugil liza) from the highly polluted Guanabara Bay (GB) and the less polluted Ilha Grande Bay (IGB). The analytical steps included Soxhlet extraction, clean-up step and injection in a gas chromatography system coupled to a mass spectrometer operated in the electron-capture negative ion mode (GC/ECNI-MS). The compounds 2,4,6-TBP, 2,4,6-TBA, MHC-1, Q1, 6-MeO-BDE 47 and 2'-MeO-BDE 68 were found in the analyzed fish from both studied areas. Q1, 6-MeO-BDE 47 and 2'-MeO-BDE 68 showed the highest concentrations in samples. Q1 concentrations in the sardines from IGB were higher than the sardines from GB (p < 0.05) and higher than the other IGB species (p < 0.05). The differences found among the species may be related to their characteristic habitat and diet. It is noteworthy that most of these compounds do not have any toxicological reference value. Moreover, the HNPs are being detected in species of low trophic level and since this study has worked only with commercial species, these fish may be considered as a source for human exposure to these natural compounds.
海洋生物代谢产生的天然化合物在环境样本中被检测到高浓度，而这些样本并非这些化合物的生产者。这些天然物质被称为卤代天然产物 (HNPs)。HNPs 是可能具有毒性的卤代化合物，类似于持久性有机污染物 (POPs)，它们可能在食物链中生物积累和生物放大，并对人类和环境健康构成进一步的风险。本研究分析了在里约热内卢州三种最常食用的商业鱼类的可食用肌肉中 HNP 的存在情况：沙丁鱼 (Sardinella brasiliensis)、白口美洲拟石首鱼 (Micropogonias furnieri) 和鲻鱼 (Mugil liza)，这些鱼分别来自高度污染的瓜纳巴拉湾 (GB) 和污染较少的伊拉瓜湾 (IGB)。分析步骤包括索氏提取、净化步骤和在气相色谱系统中注入与电子俘获负离子模式 (GC/ECNI-MS) 联用的质谱仪。在来自两个研究区域的分析鱼类中发现了 2,4,6-TBP、2,4,6-TBA、MHC-1、Q1、6-MeO-BDE 47 和 2'-MeO-BDE 68。在来自 IGB 的沙丁鱼中，Q1、6-MeO-BDE 47 和 2'-MeO-BDE 68 的浓度最高。来自 IGB 的沙丁鱼中的 Q1 浓度高于来自 GB 的沙丁鱼 (p < 0.05)，也高于来自其他 IGB 鱼类的 Q1 浓度 (p < 0.05)。这些物种之间的差异可能与其特征栖息地和饮食有关。值得注意的是，这些化合物中的大多数都没有任何毒理学参考值。此外，在低营养级别的物种中也检测到了 HNP，而且由于本研究仅使用商业物种，这些鱼类可能被认为是人类接触这些天然化合物的来源。
