Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France.
Université de Lorraine, Inra, URAFPA, F-54000, Nancy, France; Department of Health and Environment, Lebanese University - Faculty of Public Health Section III, Laboratory of Water and Environmental Sciences, Tripoli, Lebanon.
Chemosphere. 2018 Nov;210:486-494. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.181. Epub 2018 May 30.
Chlordecone (Kepone or CLD) is a highly persistent pesticide formerly used in French West Indies. Nowadays high levels of this pesticide are still found in soils which represent a subsequent source of contamination for outdoor-reared animals. In that context, sequestering matrices like biochars or activated carbons (ACs) are believed to efficiently decrease the bioavailability of such compounds when added to contaminated soils. The present study intends to test the respective efficiency of soil amendment strategies using commercial ACs or biochars (obtained by a 500 °C or 700 °C pyrolysis of 4 distinct type of wood). This study involved three experimental steps. The first one characterized specific surface areas of biochars and ACs. The second one assessed CLD-availability of contaminated artificial soils (50 μg g of Dry Matter) amended with 5% of biochar or AC (mass basis). The third one assessed CLD bioavailability of those artificial soils through an in vivo assay. To limit ethically the number of animals, selections of the most promising media were performed between each experimental steps. Forty four castrated male 40-day-old piglets were exposed during 10 day by amended artificial soils according to their group (n = 4). Only treatment groups exposed through amended soil with AC presented a significant decrease of concentrations of CLD in liver and adipose tissue in comparison with the control group (p < 0.001). A non-significant decrease was obtained by amending artificial soil with biochars. This decrease was particularly high for a coconut shell activated carbon were relative bioavailability was found lower than 3.2% for both tissues. This study leads to conclude that AC introduced in CLD contaminated soil should strongly reduce CLD bioavailability.
氯丹（Kepone 或 CLD）是一种高持久性农药，以前在法属西印度群岛使用。如今，这种农药的高浓度仍在土壤中发现，这代表了室外饲养动物的后续污染来源。在这种情况下，生物炭或活性炭（ACs）等隔离基质被认为在添加到受污染的土壤中时可以有效地降低这些化合物的生物利用度。本研究旨在测试使用商业 ACs 或生物炭（通过 4 种不同类型木材在 500°C 或 700°C 下热解获得）的土壤改良策略的各自效率。本研究涉及三个实验步骤。第一步是对生物炭和 AC 的比表面积进行了特征描述。第二步是评估了受污染的人工土壤（干物质 50μg g）中 CLD 的可用性，该土壤添加了 5%的生物炭或 AC（质量基础）。第三步是通过体内试验评估了这些人工土壤中 CLD 的生物利用度。为了在伦理上限制动物数量，在每个实验步骤之间对最有前途的介质进行了选择。44 只 40 天大的去势雄性仔猪根据其组（n=4）在 10 天内通过改良的人工土壤暴露。与对照组相比，只有通过添加 AC 的改良人工土壤暴露的处理组的肝和脂肪组织中 CLD 的浓度显著降低（p<0.001）。通过添加生物炭改良人工土壤，CLD 的浓度略有降低。在这两种组织中，相对生物利用率均低于 3.2%的椰子壳活性炭的降低幅度尤其高。本研究得出结论，添加到 CLD 污染土壤中的 AC 应能强烈降低 CLD 的生物利用度。
