Subcellular localization of cryptic prolactin receptors in mammary tumor cells.

Primary cultures of carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumors incubated at 37 degrees C with 125I-labeled ovine prolactin (5 ng/ml) accumulate intact prolactin. A steady state is reached at 24--48 h and loss of accumulated prolactin is slow t1/2 24 h). Accumulated prolactin is rapidly released when cryptic prolactin receptors are unmasked by energy depletion, suggesting that accumulated prolactin and cryptic receptors reside in the same cellular compartment. Under normal conditions, the accumulated prolactin is released slowly and is partially degraded. Subcellular fractionation on discontinuous sucrose gradients indicates that cryptic receptors reside in vesicle fractions (p less than or equal to 1.16). After energy depletion, the unmasked receptors are in cell surface membrane fractions (p = 1.18-1.20). Prolactin accumulation within receptor-containing vesicles in mammary tumor cells may account for their increased growth sensitivity (compared with normal mammary cells) to low physiologic levels of prolactin.