Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning, Department of Spatial, Landscape and Infrastructure Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
Recreation, Parks and Tourism Program, Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Environ Manage. 2018 Nov;62(5):832-844. doi: 10.1007/s00267-018-1082-x. Epub 2018 Jul 21.
Research on place attachment suggests that place identity and place dependence differ between recreationists with varying levels of specialization, recreating in different settings and with different resource proximities to their home. To further explore this relationship, we compared place attachment and recreation specialization of whitewater boaters in four different river settings. Data were collected on three rivers in the US and one in Austria. Place attachment was measured using four place identity and four place dependence items. Recreation specialization was treated as a multivariate construct consisting of the three dimensions; behavior, skill, and enduring involvement. The results of a cluster analysis revealed three specialization clusters. Two ANOVAs were performed by using place dependence and place identity as dependent variables and specialization clusters and the sampling rivers as independent variables. Place identity was not expressed differently between rivers but differed in specialization clusters. Place dependence was different between rivers but not between specialization clusters. Findings suggest that place attachment dimensions vary in river setting and specialization levels. Management should take into account that boaters exhibit different place attachment based on the specialization level and resource proximity to their home.
研究表明，在不同的环境中，与居住地资源的远近不同，具有不同专业化程度的娱乐者之间存在地方认同感和地方依存感的差异。为了进一步探究这种关系，我们比较了四个不同河流环境中白水划船者的地方依附感和娱乐专业化程度。数据采集于美国的三条河流和奥地利的一条河流。地方认同感通过四项地方身份认同和四项地方依存感条目来衡量。娱乐专业化被视为一个包含三个维度的多元结构：行为、技能和持久参与。聚类分析的结果显示出三个专业化集群。通过使用地方依存感和地方身份认同感作为因变量，专业化集群和采样河流作为自变量，进行了两项方差分析。河流之间的地方身份认同感没有差异，但在专业化集群之间存在差异。地方依存感在河流之间存在差异，但在专业化集群之间不存在差异。研究结果表明，地方依附维度在河流环境和专业化水平上存在差异。管理者应该考虑到，根据专业化水平和居住地资源的远近，划船者表现出不同的地方依附感。
