Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Phymatostetha huangshanensis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) and phylogenetic analysis.

The circular mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Phymatostetha huangshanensis is 17,785 bp long. It contains the typical set of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a large control region. The gene organization, nucleotide composition, and codon usage are similar to other Cercopoidea mitogenomes. However, the control region, including multiple types of tandem repeats, is longer than those of other spittlebugs. All PCGs initiate with standard start codon of ATN or TTG and share the complete stop codon of TAA or TAG, whereas cox2 and cox3 end with a single T. All tRNAs have the typical clover-leaf structure except for trnS1. In addition, the unpaired nucleotide is detected in the anticodon stem of trnS1 and the acceptor stem of trnR. The secondary structures of rrnL and rrnS comprise 44 helices and 27 helices, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis is performed on the 13 PCGs and two rRNAs of 24 Cicadomorpha mitogenomes. Both the maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods robustly support the relationships of (Membracoidea + (Cicadoidea + Cercopoidea)). Within Cercopoidea, the monophyly of Cercopidae is also supported. Furthermore, we firstly present the taxonomic status of Phymatostetha with the relationships of (Cosmoscarta + (Phymatostetha + Paphnutius)).