Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.
University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018 Nov 15;163:84-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.061. Epub 2018 Jul 21.
The current study reports a combined seasonal monitoring of the Crnica River watercourse using physico-chemical parameters and biomarkers measured in Gammarus dulensis with the aim of correlating the effects of pollution with the level of oxidative stress biomarkers in this amphipod. The pollution source is identified as a trout farm in the upper part of the Crnica River (Eastern Serbia). Physico-chemical water parameters and sediment trace element concentrations were measured in the Crnica River during three seasons. Three localities downstream [CR2, CR3, and CR4 (20 m, 400 m, and 1.3 km from the trout farm discharge, respectively)] were assessed in comparison with a reference location (CR1), 250 m upstream from the trout aquaculture in the Crnica River. Antioxidant biomarkers including the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were determined in pooled samples of G. dulensis. Our findings showed statistically different antioxidant enzyme levels in gammarids from the first downstream locality (CR2) compared to those from other three localities. The results indicate that oxidative stress occurred to some extent despite the assumed antioxidant induction as a result of exposure to elevated levels of some elements and changed water parameters, the effects seeming in part to be mediated by suppression of SOD and CAT (during summer and autumn); and by suppression of GPX and GR (during autumn) at the CR2 locality. The activity of GST in all seasons was higher at the CR2 locality than at the other localities, suggesting the presence of some permanent xenobiotic next to the aquaculture output. Seasonal difference in the physical and chemical water parameters and sediment trace element concentrations were observed. Overall, our results indicate a locality- and season-dependent antioxidant enzymes response in G. dulensis, pointing at progressively reduced deleterious effect of trout farm outputs with movement further downstream.
本研究报告采用物理化学参数和在宽水蚤中测量的生物标志物对 Crnica 河进行季节性联合监测，目的是将污染的影响与这种端足类动物的氧化应激生物标志物的水平相关联。污染源被确定为 Crnica 河上游的一个鳟鱼养殖场（塞尔维亚东部）。在三个季节中测量了 Crnica 河的理化水参数和沉积物微量元素浓度。在与参考地点（CR1）相比，下游的三个地点（分别距鳟鱼养殖场排放口 20m、400m 和 1.3km 的 CR2、CR3 和 CR4）进行了评估。在 Crnica 河中，在 250m 上游的鳟鱼养殖场处收集了宽水蚤的混合样本，测定了包括超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPX）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）在内的抗氧化生物标志物。我们的研究结果表明，与其他三个地点相比，第一个下游地点（CR2）的宽水蚤的抗氧化酶水平存在统计学差异。结果表明，尽管由于暴露于某些元素和变化的水参数水平而产生了抗氧化诱导，但在某种程度上发生了氧化应激，这些影响部分是通过 SOD 和 CAT 的抑制（在夏季和秋季）来介导的；以及在秋季）在 CR2 地点。在所有季节中，CR2 地点的 GST 活性均高于其他地点，这表明在水产养殖出口附近存在一些永久性的异生物质。观察到理化水参数和沉积物微量元素浓度在季节上存在差异。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，宽水蚤的抗氧化酶反应具有地点和季节依赖性，表明随着向下游移动，鳟鱼养殖场的产出的有害影响逐渐降低。
