Zhang Run, Li Li, Sultanbawa Yasmina, Xu Zhi Ping
Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland Coopers Plains, QLD 4072, Australia.
Am J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2018 Jun 5;8(3):169-188. eCollection 2018.
Metals and metalloids play fundamental roles in many physiological processes in biological systems, but imbalance of these elements in the body may cause many diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and even cancers. Thus, to better understand the metallome in health and disease, quantitative determination of their localization, concentration, speciation, and related metabolism at cellular or subcellular levels is of great importance. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging, as a new generation of analytical technique, has been reported as an ideal tool to quantitatively map multiple metals and metalloids in tissues with reasonable sensitivity, specificity, and resolution. In the current review, we have introduced the general concept of XRF imaging technique, reviewed the recent advances using XRF imaging to investigate toxicology of metals and metalloids in life science, and discussed the roles of metals and metalloids in various diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. We believe that future research on revealing the roles of metals and metalloids in biological systems will directly benefit from the important breakthroughs in developing XRF imaging techniques.
金属和类金属在生物系统的许多生理过程中发挥着重要作用，但体内这些元素的失衡可能会引发多种疾病，如帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病，甚至癌症。因此，为了更好地了解健康和疾病状态下的金属组，在细胞或亚细胞水平上对其定位、浓度、形态及相关代谢进行定量测定至关重要。X射线荧光（XRF）成像作为新一代分析技术，已被报道是一种能够以合理的灵敏度、特异性和分辨率对组织中的多种金属和类金属进行定量成像的理想工具。在本综述中，我们介绍了XRF成像技术的一般概念，回顾了利用XRF成像研究生命科学中金属和类金属毒理学的最新进展，并讨论了金属和类金属在包括癌症和神经退行性疾病在内的各种疾病中的作用。我们相信，未来揭示金属和类金属在生物系统中作用的研究将直接受益于XRF成像技术发展方面的重要突破。
