Majos Marcin, Polguj Michał, Szemraj-Rogucka Zofia, Arazińska Agata, Stefańczyk Ludomir
Department of Radiology, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Łódź, Kopcińskiego Str. 22, 90-153, Lodz, Poland.
Department of Angiology, Medical University of Łódź, Narutowicza Str. 60, 90-136, Lodz, Poland.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2018 Oct;40(10):1185-1191. doi: 10.1007/s00276-018-2071-8. Epub 2018 Jul 24.
Horseshoe kidney is a rare congenital anomaly with potential clinical implications. The aim of this study was to determine the number of renal arteries and veins and the level at which the arteries branched off their parental vessels in individuals with horseshoe kidney (HSK) and in persons with separated kidneys (SK).
The analysis included computed tomography angiography studies of 331 patients (83 HSK and 248 SK). The number of renal vessels and diameters of renal arteries were determined, along with the level at which they branched in relation to other ramifications (four groups of origin were proposed) and their entrance of the vessels to the kidney.
Number of renal arteries in HSK group was 4.57 ± 1.39 per patient and 2.4 ± 0.43 in SK group (p < 0.0001). The distribution of branching level of renal arteries in HSK group was: I group ~ 57%, II group ~ 27%, III group ~ 15% and IV group < 1%, whereas in SK group the distribution was respectively: I group ~ 99%, II group < 1%, III and IV group - 0% (p = 0.0001). In HSK group, diameter of renal arteries branching above the IMA was 4.61 ± 1.58 mm, as compared with 3.96 ± 1.34 mm for the arteries branching below (p = 0.0004). Number of veins was 566 in SK group (87.70% of kidneys were supplied by single vein) and 323 in HSK group (9.64% kidneys were supplied by two veins) (p < 0.0001).
In HSK group, renal arteries significantly more often branch off their parental vessels below the origin of IMA and such vessels are usually smaller.
马蹄肾是一种罕见的先天性异常，具有潜在的临床意义。本研究的目的是确定马蹄肾（HSK）个体和孤立肾（SK）个体的肾动脉和肾静脉数量以及动脉从其母血管分支的水平。
分析包括对331例患者（83例HSK和248例SK）的计算机断层血管造影研究。确定肾血管数量和肾动脉直径，以及它们相对于其他分支的分支水平（提出了四组起源）和血管进入肾脏的情况。
HSK组患者的肾动脉数量为4.57±1.39条/患者，SK组为2.4±0.43条/患者（p<0.0001）。HSK组肾动脉分支水平的分布为：I组57%，II组27%，III组15%，IV组<1%，而SK组的分布分别为：I组99%，II组<1%，III组和IV组-0%（p=0.0001）。在HSK组中，肠系膜下动脉（IMA）上方分支的肾动脉直径为4.61±1.58mm，而下方分支的动脉直径为3.96±1.34mm（p=0.0004）。SK组的静脉数量为566条（87.70%的肾脏由单条静脉供血），HSK组为323条（9.64%的肾脏由两条静脉供血）（p<0.0001）。
在HSK组中，肾动脉从其母血管分支的情况在IMA起源下方更为常见，且此类血管通常较小。
