Wilson Michael David, Farrell Simon, Visser Troy A W, Loft Shayne
School of Psychological Science.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2018 Sep;24(3):360-379. doi: 10.1037/xap0000171. Epub 2018 Jul 26.
Air traffic controllers can sometimes forget to complete deferred tasks, with safety implications. In two experiments, we examined how the presence and type of interruptions influenced the probability and speed at which individuals remembered to perform deferred tasks in simulated air traffic control (ATC). Participants were required to accept/handoff aircraft, detect aircraft conflicts, and perform two deferred tasks: a deferred conflict task that required remembering to resolve a conflict in the future and a deferred handoff task that required substituting an alternative aircraft handoff action in place of routine handoff action. Relative to no interruption, a blank display interruption slowed deferred conflict resumption, but this effect was not augmented by a cognitively demanding n-back task or a secondary ATC task interruption. However, the ATC task interruption increased the probability of failing to resume the deferred conflict relative to the blank interruption. An ex-Gaussian model of resumption times revealed that these resumption failures likely reflected true forgetting of the deferred task. Deferred handoff task performance was unaffected by interruptions. These findings suggest that remembering to resume a deferred task in simulated ATC depended on frequent interaction with situational cues on the display and that individuals were particularly susceptible to interference-based forgetting. (PsycINFO Database Record
空中交通管制员有时会忘记完成延迟任务，这会带来安全隐患。在两项实验中，我们研究了干扰的存在和类型如何影响个体在模拟空中交通管制（ATC）中记住执行延迟任务的概率和速度。参与者需要接受/移交飞机、检测飞机冲突，并执行两项延迟任务：一项延迟冲突任务，即需要记住在未来解决冲突；另一项延迟移交任务，即需要用替代飞机移交动作代替常规移交动作。相对于无干扰情况，空白显示干扰减缓了延迟冲突的恢复，但认知要求较高的n-back任务或二次ATC任务干扰并未增强这种影响。然而，与空白干扰相比，ATC任务干扰增加了未能恢复延迟冲突的概率。恢复时间的前高斯模型表明，这些恢复失败可能反映了对延迟任务的真正遗忘。延迟移交任务的表现不受干扰影响。这些发现表明，在模拟ATC中记住恢复延迟任务取决于与显示屏上情境线索的频繁交互，并且个体特别容易受到基于干扰的遗忘影响。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
