Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Jan 1;646:84-92. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.265. Epub 2018 Jul 20.
We addressed the hypothesis that birds in eutrophic wetlands receiving wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are exposed to high levels of metals and metalloids and this may drive an ecological trap in some species attracted to these highly productive ecosystems. Levels of metals and metalloids were determined in sediment and in blood and feathers of common moorhens (Gallinula chloropus) from two wetlands in Central Spain: Navaseca Pond, which receives directly the effluent of a WWTP; and Tablas de Daimiel National Park, which is a floodplain less affected by urban discharges. Sediment concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were higher in Navaseca Pond than in Tablas de Daimiel; only Se was higher in Tablas de Daimiel than in Navaseca. Blood levels of Hg and Se were higher in moorhens from Tablas de Daimiel than those from Navaseca. In the case of Hg these levels were below the threshold of adverse effect, but Se levels in 24% of moorhens from Tablas de Daimiel were above the threshold value associated with Se toxicity in birds (1000 ng/mL). In feathers, Hg, Se, Mn, Cu and As levels were higher in Tablas de Daimiel than in Navaseca. Body condition of moorhens was negatively associated with blood Se levels in the moorhens from Tablas de Daimiel. We can reject the hypothesis of a higher accumulation of metals and metalloids in birds associated with the WWTP effluent, but Se levels may need further research considering the nature of the floodplain of Tablas de Daimiel National Park.
我们研究了一个假设，即在接收污水处理厂（WWTP）废水的富营养化湿地中的鸟类可能会接触到高水平的金属和类金属，而这可能会使一些被这些高生产力生态系统吸引的物种陷入生态陷阱。在西班牙中部的两个湿地中（纳瓦斯卡池塘，直接接收 WWTP 的废水；塔巴斯德达米尔国家公园，是一个受城市排放影响较小的洪泛区），我们在普通黑水鸡（Gallinula chloropus）的血液和羽毛以及沉积物中测定了金属和类金属的含量。纳瓦斯卡池塘中的沉积物 Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd 和 Pb 的浓度高于塔巴斯德达米尔；只有 Se 的浓度在塔巴斯德达米尔高于纳瓦斯卡池塘。来自塔巴斯德达米尔的黑水鸡血液中的 Hg 和 Se 水平高于纳瓦斯卡池塘的黑水鸡。就 Hg 而言，这些水平低于不利影响的阈值，但 24%的来自塔巴斯德达米尔的黑水鸡的 Se 水平高于与鸟类 Se 毒性相关的阈值值（1000ng/mL）。在羽毛中，Hg、Se、Mn、Cu 和 As 的水平在塔巴斯德达米尔高于纳瓦斯卡池塘。来自塔巴斯德达米尔的黑水鸡的羽毛中的 Hg、Se、Mn、Cu 和 As 的水平在塔巴斯德达米尔高于纳瓦斯卡池塘。黑水鸡的身体状况与来自塔巴斯德达米尔的黑水鸡的血液 Se 水平呈负相关。我们可以拒绝与 WWTP 废水相关的鸟类中金属和类金属积累较高的假设，但鉴于塔巴斯德达米尔国家公园洪泛区的性质，还需要进一步研究 Se 水平。
