Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Jul;250:323-330. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.039. Epub 2019 Apr 10.
The chemical composition of the uropygial gland secretion of birds shows seasonal, sex and age-related variations following sex hormones fluctuations. We explore the use of the composition of the uropygial gland secretion as a non-invasive biomarker of endocrine disruption in 137 common moorhens (Gallinula chloropus) from Navaseca Pond, which receives the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant, and from the more pristine Tablas de Daimiel National Park in Spain. Wax ester and fatty acid compositions were measured by means gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the uropygial gland secretion of moorhens from both wetlands. Organochlorine compounds (p,p'-DDE and PCBs) were measured in blood and uropygial gland secretion of moorhens as indicators of anthropogenic pollutants, and this information was interpreted together with previous results of the accumulation of metals and metalloids in blood and feathers of these moorhens and a wide range of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) measured in water from both study sites. PCBs and p,p'-DDE were found in 32% of the blood and 51% of uropygial gland secretion samples, being at highest levels in Navaseca. Wax composition was dominated by monoesters of 35-38 carbons and displayed a clear seasonal variation, in which long-chain wax esters were more abundant in spring-summer than in autumn-winter. This seasonal change was less evident in birds from Navaseca, where the presence of shorter wax esters was associated with the higher concentration of PCBs in uropygial gland secretion. The observed effect may not be associated with this specific type of pollutants because moorhens in Navaseca are also exposed to a wide diversity endocrine disruptors as shown in a previous study. Uropygial gland secretion can be a useful non-invasive sample for integrating chemical monitoring of pollutants and their effects as endocrine disruptors in birds.
鸟类尾脂腺分泌物的化学成分会随着性激素的波动而发生季节性、性别和年龄相关的变化。我们探索了利用尾脂腺分泌物的成分作为非侵入性生物标志物来监测内分泌干扰，研究对象是来自西班牙纳瓦塞卡池塘（接收一家废水处理厂的污水）和更原始的塔布拉斯-德阿米尔国家公园的 137 只普通黑水鸡（Gallinula chloropus）。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）测量了黑水鸡尾脂腺分泌物中的蜡酯和脂肪酸组成。在黑水鸡的血液和尾脂腺分泌物中测量了有机氯化合物（p,p'-DDE 和多氯联苯），作为人为污染物的指标，并与之前这些黑水鸡血液和羽毛中金属和类金属的积累以及两个研究地点水中广泛的内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）的积累结果一起进行了解释。在 32%的血液和 51%的尾脂腺分泌物样本中发现了多氯联苯和 p,p'-DDE，纳瓦塞卡的含量最高。蜡酯组成主要由 35-38 个碳原子的单酯组成，且表现出明显的季节性变化，其中长链蜡酯在春夏季比秋冬季更为丰富。这种季节性变化在纳瓦塞卡的鸟类中不太明显，那里较短的蜡酯的存在与尾脂腺分泌物中多氯联苯浓度较高有关。这种观察到的影响可能与这种特定类型的污染物无关，因为纳瓦塞卡的黑水鸡也暴露于之前研究表明的广泛的内分泌干扰物中。尾脂腺分泌物可以作为一种有用的非侵入性样本，用于综合监测污染物及其作为鸟类内分泌干扰物的影响。
