Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019 May;189(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/s12011-018-1449-0. Epub 2018 Jul 27.
The exposure of heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and metalloid arsenicals) and their effects on workers' health from a lead-zinc mine (145 workers) and a steel smelting plant (162 workers) was investigated. Information on subject characteristics was obtained through a questionnaire. We determined the urinary levels of Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and arsenicals (including inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), as were 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and cystatin C. Lead-zinc mine foundry workers had significantly higher concentrations of urinary Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, iAs, and MMA than did steel smelting plant workers. Individuals who had consumed seafood in the previous 3 days had higher concentrations of urinary Ni than did individuals who had not consumed seafood. The urinary Cd concentrations in the two groups of factory workers may have been affected by daily smoking. There was no significant difference in urinary 8-OHdG between workers from the lead-zinc mine foundry and the steel smelting plant. Urinary Pb and Cd had significant positive linear dose-dependent effects on 8-OHdG. Urinary cystatin C, a sensitive biological indicator reflecting early renal damage, was found at higher levels in lead-zinc mine workers than in steel smelting plant workers. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age and urinary Cd were significantly associated with urinary cystatin C. These results indicated that workers from lead-zinc mines may be exposed to higher levels of heavy metals which could lead to greater risk of kidney damage.
本研究调查了一家铅锌矿（145 名工人）和一家钢铁冶炼厂（162 名工人）中重金属（铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）、镍（Ni）和类金属砷）及其对工人健康的影响。通过问卷调查获取了受试者特征信息。我们测定了尿中 Pb、Cd、Cu、Ni 和砷（包括无机砷（iAs）、一甲基砷酸（MMA）和二甲基砷酸（DMA））、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）和胱抑素 C 的水平。与钢铁冶炼厂工人相比，铅锌矿铸造工人尿中 Pb、Cd、Cu、Ni、iAs 和 MMA 的浓度明显更高。在过去 3 天内食用过海鲜的个体尿 Ni 浓度高于未食用海鲜的个体。两组工厂工人的尿 Cd 浓度可能受到每日吸烟的影响。铅锌矿铸造工人和钢铁冶炼厂工人的尿 8-OHdG 之间无显著差异。尿 Pb 和 Cd 对 8-OHdG 呈显著正线性剂量依赖性影响。尿胱抑素 C 是反映早期肾损伤的敏感生物标志物，其水平在铅锌矿工人中高于钢铁冶炼厂工人。二元逻辑回归分析显示，年龄和尿 Cd 与尿胱抑素 C 显著相关。这些结果表明，铅锌矿工人可能接触更高水平的重金属，这可能导致更大的肾脏损伤风险。
