Blank Seymour G, James Gary D, Roman Mary J
Department of Computer Engineering Technology, NYC College of Technology/CUNY, 186 Jay Street V622, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
Binghamton University, SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA.
High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2018 Sep;25(3):317-326. doi: 10.1007/s40292-018-0273-0. Epub 2018 Jul 27.
The wideband external pulse (WEP) recorded during blood pressure measurement reveals three components (K1, K2, K3). K1 is recorded with cuff pressure (CP) above systolic (SP).
To assess whether the K1 pattern contains information about the functional and structural properties of the cardiovascular system.
WEP analysis, echocardiography, carotid artery (CA) ultrasonography and applanation tonometry were conducted on 178 hypertensives. K1R, a feature of K1, was defined to provide a measure between the arterial incident and backward reflective waves.
K1R was strongly correlated to vascular functional and structural parameters compatible with vascular effects of aging and hypertension. ANOVA analysis (K1R < 0 vs K1R > 0) showed that K1R < 0 participants: (1) were older, shorter, weighed less, had a smaller body surface area; (2) had higher SP, pulse (PP) and mean (MP) pressure, lower heart rate (HR), greater total peripheral resistance (TPR), lower cardiac output (CO), and a stiffer arterial system; (3) had a greater left ventricular (LV) relative wall thickness (LVRWT), carotid artery (CA) relative wall thickness (CARWT), CA far-wall intima-media thickness at end diastole (CIMTd) and CA cross-sectional area (CSA) (all p < 0.001). Regressions revealed that age, TPR, SP, gender, and HR predicted K1R (R = 0.64) and that PP and K1R predicted CARWT (R = 0.14). Logistic regression revealed that age, TPR, SP and aortic diameter differentiated K1R < 0 from K1R > 0 (Nagelkerke R = 0.77).
K1R is related to vascular functional properties, with suggestive evidence that K1R is also related to vascular structural properties and perhaps subsequent cardiovascular risk.
在血压测量过程中记录的宽带外部脉搏（WEP）显示出三个成分（K1、K2、K3）。K1是在袖带压力（CP）高于收缩压（SP）时记录的。
评估K1模式是否包含有关心血管系统功能和结构特性的信息。
对178名高血压患者进行了WEP分析、超声心动图、颈动脉（CA）超声检查和压平式眼压测量。定义了K1的一个特征K1R，以提供动脉入射波和反向反射波之间的测量值。
K1R与与衰老和高血压的血管效应相符的血管功能和结构参数密切相关。方差分析（K1R＜0与K1R＞0）显示，K1R＜0的参与者：（1）年龄更大、身高更矮、体重更轻、体表面积更小；（2）收缩压、脉压（PP）和平均压（MP）更高，心率（HR）更低，总外周阻力（TPR）更大，心输出量（CO）更低，动脉系统更僵硬；（3）左心室（LV）相对壁厚度（LVRWT）、颈动脉（CA）相对壁厚度（CARWT）、舒张末期CA远壁内膜中层厚度（CIMTd）和CA横截面积（CSA）更大（所有p＜0.001）。回归分析显示，年龄、TPR、收缩压、性别和心率可预测K1R（R = 0.64），PP和K1R可预测CARWT（R = 0.14）。逻辑回归分析显示，年龄、TPR、收缩压和主动脉直径可区分K1R＜0和K1R＞0（Nagelkerke R = 0.77）。
K1R与血管功能特性相关，有提示性证据表明K1R也与血管结构特性以及后续心血管风险相关。
