Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), P.O. Box. 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Department of CIT, JCC, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
J Healthc Eng. 2018 Jul 2;2018:8137436. doi: 10.1155/2018/8137436. eCollection 2018.
A secure spatial domain, hybrid watermarking technique for obtaining watermark (authentication information) robustness and fragility of the host medical image (content integrity) using product codes, chaos theory, and residue number system (RNS) is proposed. The proposed scheme is highly fragile and unrecoverable in terms of the host image, but it is significantly robust and recoverable in terms of the watermark. Altering the medical image may result in misdiagnosis, hence the watermark that may contain patient information and organization logo must be protected against certain attacks. The host medical image is separated into two parts, namely, the region of interest (ROI) and region of noninterest (RONI) using a rectangular region. The RONI part is used to embed the watermark information. Moreover, two watermarks are used: one to achieve authenticity of image and the other to achieve the robustness against both incidental and malicious attacks. Effectiveness in terms of security, robustness, and fragility of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by the simulations and comparison with the other state-of-the-art techniques.
提出了一种利用乘积码、混沌理论和剩余数系统（RNS）在获得水印（认证信息）鲁棒性和宿主医学图像（内容完整性）脆弱性的安全空域混合水印技术。与宿主图像相比，该方案在宿主图像方面具有很强的脆弱性和不可恢复性，但在水印方面具有很强的鲁棒性和可恢复性。改变医学图像可能导致误诊，因此必须保护可能包含患者信息和组织徽标的水印以抵御某些攻击。宿主医学图像使用矩形区域分为两个部分，即感兴趣区域（ROI）和非感兴趣区域（RONI）。RONI 部分用于嵌入水印信息。此外，使用了两个水印：一个用于实现图像的真实性，另一个用于实现对意外和恶意攻击的鲁棒性。通过模拟和与其他最先进技术的比较，证明了所提出方案在安全性、鲁棒性和脆弱性方面的有效性。
