a Faculty of Health Sciences , Universidad San Jorge (USJ) , Zaragoza , Spain.
b Faculty of Sport , Pablo de Olavide University , Seville , Spain.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2019 Apr;19(3):305-314. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1502357. Epub 2018 Jul 28.
Plyometric training composed by unilateral exercises with horizontal jumping direction seems to be an effective way to improve physical performance in athletes. The present study aimed to compare the influence of a combined jumping direction and force application (horizontal-unilateral vs. vertical-bilateral) plyometric training on linear sprinting, jumping, change of direction (COD) and dynamic balance in young elite basketball players. Twenty young (U-13 to U-14) male basketball players (age: 13.2 ± 0.7 years, body mass: 59.5 ± 12.7 kg, height: 172.9 ± 7.9 cm) were randomly assigned either to a unilateral-horizontal (UH, n = 10) or bilateral-vertical (BV, n = 10) plyometric group, twice a week for 6-wk. Both groups performed between 60 and 100 jumps/session. UH executed all jumps unilaterally with horizontal direction, while jumps in the BV were bilaterally with vertical direction. Performance was assessed by a linear sprinting test, vertical and horizontal jumping tests, COD tests (V-cut and 5+5 m with a 180°COD test), an ankle dorsiflexion test and dynamic balance tests (anterior and postero-lateral directions). Within-group differences showed substantial improvements (Effect size (ES):0.31-1.01) in unilateral vertical and horizontal jumping, V-cut test and postero-lateral direction with right leg after both training interventions. Furthermore, UH group also substantially improved (ES:0.33-0.78) all sprinting times and postero-lateral direction with left leg, while BV enhanced anterior direction with left leg (ES:0.25). Between-group analyses showed substantially greater improvements (ES:0.33) in 10-m and V-cut test in UH than in BV. The likely beneficial effect (small ES) achieved in sprinting abilities suggests the combination of unilateral-horizontal jumps to improve such abilities.
增强式训练由水平方向的单脚跳组成，似乎是提高运动员身体素质的有效方法。本研究旨在比较不同方向和力的组合式增强式训练（水平单脚-单侧 vs. 垂直双脚-双侧）对年轻精英篮球运动员直线冲刺、跳跃、变向（COD）和动态平衡的影响。20 名年轻（U-13 至 U-14 岁）男性篮球运动员（年龄：13.2±0.7 岁，体重：59.5±12.7 kg，身高：172.9±7.9 cm）被随机分为单侧-水平（UH，n=10）或双侧-垂直（BV，n=10）增强式训练组，每周训练两次，共 6 周。两组的训练量为每次 60 到 100 次跳跃。UH 组进行所有的单脚水平跳跃，而 BV 组进行双脚垂直跳跃。通过直线冲刺测试、垂直和水平跳跃测试、COD 测试（V 形切割和 5+5 m 180°COD 测试）、踝关节背屈测试和动态平衡测试（前向和后外侧向）评估运动表现。组内差异显示，两种训练干预后，单侧垂直和水平跳跃、V 形切割测试和右侧后外侧向均有较大改善（效应量（ES）：0.31-1.01）。此外，UH 组的所有冲刺时间和左侧后外侧向也有较大改善（ES：0.33-0.78），而 BV 组的左侧前向也有较大改善（ES：0.25）。组间分析显示，UH 组在 10 米和 V 形切割测试中的改善更为显著（ES：0.33）。冲刺能力的小 ES 表明，单侧水平跳跃的组合可能有助于提高这种能力。
